{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:14:25Z","timestamp":1760238865382,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,11]],"date-time":"2020-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599782400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011033","name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TIN2017-84658-C2-1-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TIN2017-84658-C2-1-R"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011033","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness","award":["TIN2017-84658-C2-1-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TIN2017-84658-C2-1-R"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TIN2017-84658-C2-1-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TIN2017-84658-C2-1-R"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"FCT \u2013 Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia, I.P.","award":["UIDB\/04466\/2020","UIDP\/04466\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04466\/2020","UIDP\/04466\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Applied Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper presents OntologyFixer, a web-based tool that supports a methodology to build, assess, and improve the quality of ontology web language (OWL) ontologies. Using our software, knowledge engineers are able to fix low-quality OWL ontologies (such as those created from natural language documents using ontology learning processes). The fixing process is guided by a set of metrics and fixing mechanisms provided by the tool, and executed primarily through automated changes (inspired by quick fix actions used in the software engineering domain). To evaluate the quality, the tool supports numerical and graphical quality assessments, focusing on ontology content and structure attributes. This tool follows principles, and provides features, typical of scientific software, including user parameter requests, logging, multithreading execution, and experiment repeatability, among others. OntologyFixer architecture takes advantage of model view controller (MVC), strategy, template, and factory design patterns; and decouples graphical user interfaces (GUI) from ontology quality metrics, ontology fixing, and REST (REpresentational State Transfer) API (Application Programming Interface) components (used for pitfall identification, and ontology evaluation). We also separate part of the OntologyFixer functionality into a new package called OntoMetrics, which focuses on the identification of symptoms and the evaluation of the quality of ontologies. Finally, OntologyFixer provides mechanisms to easily develop and integrate new quick fix methods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/app10186328","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,11]],"date-time":"2020-09-11T09:05:16Z","timestamp":1599815116000},"page":"6328","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Ontology Fixing by Using Software Engineering Technology"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Gabriela R.","family":"Roldan-Molina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, University of Vigo, ESEI-Escuela Superior de Ingenier\u00eda Inform\u00e1tica, Edificio Polit\u00e9cnico, Campus Universitario As Lagoas s\/n, 32004 Ourense, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1935-4760","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose R.","family":"Mendez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, University of Vigo, ESEI-Escuela Superior de Ingenier\u00eda Inform\u00e1tica, Edificio Polit\u00e9cnico, Campus Universitario As Lagoas s\/n, 32004 Ourense, Spain"},{"name":"CINBIO-Biomedical Research Centre, University of Vigo, Campus Universitario Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain"},{"name":"SING Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, 36312 Vigo, Spain"}]},{"given":"Iryna","family":"Yevseyeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cyber Technology Institute, School of Computer Science and Informatics, Faculty of Computing, Engineering &amp; Media, De Montfort University, Gateway House, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4269-5114","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vitor","family":"Basto-Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Universit\u00e1rio de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), University Institute of Lisbon, ISTAR-IUL, Av. das For\u00e7as Armadas, 1649-026 Lisboa, PT, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2020, March 26). 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