{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T08:46:23Z","timestamp":1766133983894,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,22]],"date-time":"2020-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603324800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/00195\/2020; UID\/Multi\/00709\/2019; UID\/CTM\/50011\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00195\/2020; UID\/Multi\/00709\/2019; UID\/CTM\/50011\/2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Applied Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The ecotoxicity of methiocarb aqueous solutions treated by electrochemical oxidation was evaluated utilizing the model organism Daphnia magna. The electrodegradation experiments were performed using a boron-doped diamond anode and the influence of the applied current density and the supporting electrolyte (NaCl or Na2SO4) on methiocarb degradation and toxicity reduction were assessed. Electrooxidation treatment presented a remarkable efficiency in methiocarb complete degradation and a high potential for reducing the undesirable ecological effects of this priority substance. The reaction rate followed first-order kinetics in both electrolytes, being more favorable in a chloride medium. In fact, the presence of chloride increased the methiocarb removal rate and toxicity reduction and favored nitrogen removal. A 200\u00d7 reduction in the acute toxicity towards D. magna, from 370.9 to 1.6 toxic units, was observed for the solutions prepared with NaCl after 5 h treatment at 100 A m\u22122. An increase in the applied current density led to an increase in toxicity towards D. magna of the treated solutions. At optimized experimental conditions, electrooxidation offers a suitable solution for the treatment and elimination of undesirable ecological effects of methiocarb contaminated industrial or agricultural wastewaters, ensuring that this highly hazardous pesticide is not transferred to the aquatic environment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/app10217435","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,22]],"date-time":"2020-10-22T20:51:00Z","timestamp":1603399860000},"page":"7435","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Ecotoxicological Evaluation of Methiocarb Electrochemical Oxidation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9007-5342","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annabel","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"FibEnTech-UBI, Department of Chemistry, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FibEnTech-UBI, Department of Chemistry, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7686-1315","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susana","family":"Coelho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS), Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"},{"name":"NuESA-Health and Environment Study Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Celso","family":"Ferraz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS), Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"},{"name":"NuESA-Health and Environment Study Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6424-7414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana C.","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"M. Ramiro","family":"Pastorinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NuESA-Health and Environment Study Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Biology, Universidade de \u00c9vora, 7002-554 \u00c9vora, Portugal"},{"name":"Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), 7002-554 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8268-6872","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Jos\u00e9","family":"Pacheco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FibEnTech-UBI, Department of Chemistry, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Lurdes","family":"Cir\u00edaco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FibEnTech-UBI, Department of Chemistry, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4545-5784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FibEnTech-UBI, Department of Chemistry, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.emcon.2016.12.004","article-title":"Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in the freshwater aquatic environment","volume":"3","author":"Ebele","year":"2017","journal-title":"Emerg. 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