{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T13:50:02Z","timestamp":1774965002831,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,7]],"date-time":"2020-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1607299200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Applied Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Different retrofitting techniques have been developed and proposed to prevent the masonry infill walls (MIW) out-of-plane collapse. Many other authors confirmed that these types of elements are vulnerable when subjected to earthquake loadings, leading to several casualties and economic losses. Based on this, the present manuscript comprises an experimental campaign of flexure strength tests on small masonry walls to discuss the efficiency of textile-reinforced mortar (TRM) strengthening solutions to improve their out-of-plane behaviour. For this, eighteen flexural strength tests parallel to the horizontal bed joints were carried out. Nineteen masonry infill walls made with hollow clay horizontal brick, eight non-strengthened and the remaining ones strengthened with TRM. The tests were performed according to the EN 1052-2 standard. In this study, the effect of textile mesh (weak or strong) is analysed in parallel with the efficiency of the strengthening solutions. The results are presented and discussed in terms of force-displacement response parameters and damages observations. From the tests, it was observed that the TRM strengthening improved the flexural strength capacity up to 54% and the out-of-plane deformation ability about 7.18 times.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/app10238745","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,7]],"date-time":"2020-12-07T12:24:39Z","timestamp":1607343879000},"page":"8745","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Impact of the Textile Mesh on the Efficiency of TRM Strengthening Solutions to Improve the Infill Walls Out-of-Plane Behaviour"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Furtado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CONSTRUCT-LESE, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, R. Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1373-4540","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hugo","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RISCO, Civil Engineering Department, Campus Universit\u00e1rio de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0901-2214","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Ar\u00eade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CONSTRUCT-LESE, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, R. Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0215-8701","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Humberto","family":"Varum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CONSTRUCT-LESE, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, R. Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1999","DOI":"10.1007\/s10518-013-9500-1","article-title":"The structural role played by masonry infills on RC building performances after the 2011 Lorca, Spain, earthquake","volume":"12","author":"Luca","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bull. Earthq. Eng."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1977","DOI":"10.1007\/s10518-013-9499-3","article-title":"Performance of buildings with masonry infill walls during 2011 Lorca earthquake","volume":"12","author":"Hermanns","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bull. Earthq. Eng."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Risi, M., Gaudio, C., and Verderame, G. (2019). Evaluation of Repair Costs for Masonry Infills in RC Buildings from Observed Damage Data: The Case-Study of the 2009 L\u2019Aquila Earthquake. 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