{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T19:54:46Z","timestamp":1766087686240,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,11]],"date-time":"2021-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Applied Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Cynara cardunculus L. var. altilis (DC) is a plant generally associated as an ingredient in the Mediterranean diet. The polyphenols present in this plant provide pharmacological and nutritional properties. C. cardunculus L. has been used throughout animal studies, which demonstrated an anti-inflammatory effect. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract. Since there is not a known cure, the research of new possible pharmacological approaches is essential. This study aims to evaluate the effect of an aqueous extract of C. cardunculus L. dry leaves in a 2,4,6-Trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis model. Methods: CD-1 mice with TNBS-induced colitis received an intraperitoneal (IP) administration of C. cardunculus L. once per day for 4 days. Results: The C. cardunculus L. demonstrated a beneficial effect in this experimental model of IBD with anti-inflammatory action through the reduction of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-\u03b1 levels. It also demonstrated a beneficial influence on the extra-intestinal manifestations related to IBD, with the absence of significant side effects of its use. Conclusions: The extract of C. cardunculus L. dry leaves can become an interesting tool for new possible pharmacological approaches in the management of IBD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/app11041629","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,12]],"date-time":"2021-02-12T16:12:10Z","timestamp":1613146330000},"page":"1629","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Effect of Cynara cardunculus L. var. altilis (DC) in Inflammatory Bowel Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3204-3772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vanessa","family":"Mateus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"H&amp;TRC\u2013Health and Technology Research Center, ESTeSL\u2014Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Sa\u00fade de Lisboa, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Lisboa, 1990-096 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"iMed.ULisboa, Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Estarreja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"H&amp;TRC\u2013Health and Technology Research Center, ESTeSL\u2014Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Sa\u00fade de Lisboa, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Lisboa, 1990-096 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7049-2512","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"In\u00eas","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"H&amp;TRC\u2013Health and Technology Research Center, ESTeSL\u2014Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Sa\u00fade de Lisboa, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Lisboa, 1990-096 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"iMed.ULisboa, Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Paulo","family":"Barracosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escola Superior Agr\u00e1ria de Viseu\u2014Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Viseu, 3500-606 Viseu, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e de Tecnologias Agroambientais e Biol\u00f3gicas (CITAB), Universidade de Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6346-8319","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edite","family":"Teixeira-Lemos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escola Superior Agr\u00e1ria de Viseu\u2014Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Viseu, 3500-606 Viseu, Portugal"},{"name":"CERNAS Research Centre, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1667-7871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"iMed.ULisboa, Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"JCS, Joaquim Chaves, Laborat\u00f3rio de An\u00e1lises Cl\u00ednicas, Miraflores, 1495-069 Alg\u00e9s, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crvi.2008.02.008","article-title":"Phenolic composition of Cynara cardunculus L. organs, and their biological activities","volume":"331","author":"Falleh","year":"2008","journal-title":"C. 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