{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T03:27:19Z","timestamp":1775618839928,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,12]],"date-time":"2021-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613088000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UID\/MAR\/04292\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/MAR\/04292\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/ BD\/139763\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/ BD\/139763\/2018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013284","name":"Executive Agency for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EASME\/EMFF\/2016\/1.2.1.4\/03\/SI2.750419"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EASME\/EMFF\/2016\/1.2.1.4\/03\/SI2.750419"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013284","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011929","name":"COMPETE","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-024517"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-024517"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011929","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Integrated Programme of SR&amp;TD \u201cSmart Valorization of Endogenous Marine Biological Resources Under a Changing Climate\u201d","award":["Centro-01-0145-FEDER-000018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Centro-01-0145-FEDER-000018"]}]},{"name":"Centro 2020 program, Portugal 2020, European Union, European Regional Development Fund","award":["co-promotion project ORCHESTRA (n\u00ba 70155)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["co-promotion project ORCHESTRA (n\u00ba 70155)"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SAICTPAC\/0019\/2015\u2014LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER-016405"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SAICTPAC\/0019\/2015\u2014LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER-016405"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Applied Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The invasive macroalga Grateloupia turuturu is known to contain a diversity of bioactive compounds with different potentialities. Among them are compounds with relevant bioactivities for cosmetics. Considering this, this study aimed to screen bioactivities with cosmeceutical potential, namely, antioxidant, UV absorbance, anti-enzymatic, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activities, as well as photoprotection potential. Extractions with higher concentrations of ethanol resulted in extracts with higher antioxidant activities, while for the anti-enzymatic activity, high inhibition percentages were obtained for elastase and hyaluronidase with almost all extracts. Regarding the antimicrobial activity, all extracts showed to be active against E. coli, S. aureus, and C. albicans. Extracts produced with higher percentages of ethanol were more effective against E. coli and with lower percentages against the other two microorganisms. Several concentrations of each extract were found to be safe for fibroblasts, but no photoprotection capacity was observed. However, one of the aqueous extracts was responsible for reducing around 40% of the nitric oxide production on macrophages, showing its anti-inflammatory potential. This work highlights G. turuturu\u2019s potential in the cosmeceutical field, contributing to the further development of natural formulations for skin protection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/app11041650","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,12]],"date-time":"2021-02-12T18:45:00Z","timestamp":1613155500000},"page":"1650","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Cosmeceutical Potential of Grateloupia turuturu: Using Low-Cost Extraction Methodologies to Obtain Added-Value Extracts"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Carina","family":"F\u00e9lix","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MARE\u2013Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polit\u00e9cnico de Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4766-3736","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael","family":"F\u00e9lix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MARE\u2013Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polit\u00e9cnico de Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal"},{"name":"REQUIMTE\/LAQV, Laborat\u00f3rio de Farmacognosia, Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana M.","family":"Carmona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MARE\u2013Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polit\u00e9cnico de Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3228-922X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adriana P.","family":"Janu\u00e1rio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MARE\u2013Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polit\u00e9cnico de Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Pedro D.M.","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MARE\u2013Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polit\u00e9cnico de Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1805-3023","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T\u00e2nia F.L.","family":"Vicente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MARE\u2013Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polit\u00e9cnico de Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1224-1699","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joana","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MARE\u2013Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polit\u00e9cnico de Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1581-2127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Celso","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MARE\u2013Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polit\u00e9cnico de Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Pedrosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MARE\u2013Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polit\u00e9cnico de Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1306-3396","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara C.","family":"Novais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MARE\u2013Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polit\u00e9cnico de Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9887-1864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco F.L.","family":"Lemos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MARE\u2013Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polit\u00e9cnico de Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jesumani, V., Du, H., Aslam, M., Pei, P., and Huang, N. (2019). Potential use of seaweed bioactive compounds in skincare\u2014a review. Mar. Drugs, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/md17120688"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"4","article-title":"Macroalgae-derived ingredients for cosmetic industry-an update","volume":"5","author":"Pimentel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cosmetics"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seares.2016.07.002","article-title":"Patterns of benthic assemblages invaded and non-invaded by Grateloupia turuturu across rocky intertidal habitats","volume":"115","author":"Freitas","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Sea Res."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1007\/s10811-007-9188-1","article-title":"Phycobiliproteins as a commodity: Trends in applied research, patents and commercialization","volume":"20","author":"Sekar","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phycol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1080\/10498850.2011.610025","article-title":"Carotenoid profile of edible japanese seaweeds: An improved hplc method for separation of major carotenoids","volume":"21","author":"Terasaki","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Aquat. Food Prod. Technol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2019.01.008","article-title":"Phycobiliproteins: Molecular structure, production, applications, and prospects","volume":"37","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Adv."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cardoso, I., Cotas, J., Rodrigues, A., Ferreira, D., Os\u00f3rio, N., and Pereira, L. (2019). Extraction and analysis of compounds with antibacterial potential from the red alga Grateloupia turuturu. J. Mar. Sci. Eng., 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/jmse7070220"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.2216\/10-65.1","article-title":"Distribution and population dynamics of the introduced seaweed Grateloupia turuturu (halymeniaceae, rhodophyta) along the Portuguese coast","volume":"50","author":"Violante","year":"2011","journal-title":"Phycologia"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"F\u00e9lix, R., Carmona, A.M., F\u00e9lix, C., Novais, S.C., and Lemos, M.F.L. (2020). Industry-friendly hydroethanolic extraction protocols for grateloupia turuturu UV-shielding and antioxidant compounds. Appl. Sci., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/app10155304"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Louren\u00e7o-Lopes, C., Fraga-Corral, M., Jimenez-Lopez, C., Pereira, A.G., Garcia-Oliveira, P., Carpena, M., Prieto, M.A., and Simal-Gandara, J. (2020). Metabolites from macroalgae and its applications in the cosmetic industry: A circular economy approach. Resources, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/resources9090101"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.algal.2017.05.019","article-title":"Cosmetic attributes of algae - A review","volume":"25","author":"Ariede","year":"2017","journal-title":"Algal Res."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1021\/jf0305231","article-title":"Extending Applicability of the Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC-Fluorescein) Assay","volume":"52","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2017.12.030","article-title":"In-vitro evaluation of antioxidant, anti-elastase, anti-collagenase, anti-hyaluronidase activities of safranal and determination of its sun protection factor in skin photoaging","volume":"77","author":"Madan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioorg. Chem."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adamczyk, K., Olech, M., Abramek, J., Pietrzak, W., Ku\u017aniewski, R., Bogucka-Kocka, A., Nowak, R., Ptaszy\u0144ska, A.A., Rapacka-Gackowska, A., and Skalski, T. (2019). Eleutherococcus species cultivated in Europe: A new source of compounds with antiacetylcholinesterase, antihyaluronidase, anti-DPPH, and cytotoxic activities. Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev., 2019.","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/8673521"},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"CLSI (2006). Methods for Dilution Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria That Grow Aerobically. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Approved Standard - M7-A7."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"CLSI (2006). Reference Method for Broth Dilution Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Yeasts, Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Approved Standard - M27-A3."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2008.75","article-title":"Neutral red uptake assay for the estimation of cell viability\/ cytotoxicity","volume":"3","author":"Repetto","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"OECD (2018, November 01). OECD Test Guideline 432: In Vitro 3T3 NRU Phototoxicity Test. Available online: https:\/\/www.oecd-ilibrary.org\/environment\/test-no-432-in-vitro-3t3-nru-phototoxicity-test_9789264071162-en."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1080\/13880209.2017.1285324","article-title":"Potential anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Sambucus australis","volume":"55","author":"Bahiense","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pharm. Biol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2167","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules14062167","article-title":"Effect of extraction solvent\/technique on the antioxidant activity of selected medicinal plant extracts","volume":"14","author":"Sultana","year":"2009","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2010.03.003","article-title":"Role of antioxidants in the skin: Anti-aging effects","volume":"58","author":"Masaki","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Dermatol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tiwari, B.K., and Troy, D.J. (2015). Seaweed Sustainability - Food and Non-Food Applications. Elsevier Inc.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-418697-2.00001-5"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.4161\/psb.6.9.16779","article-title":"Algae as promising organisms for environment and health","volume":"6","author":"Shalaby","year":"2011","journal-title":"Plant Signal. Behav."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2016.11.016","article-title":"Polysaccharides from macroalgae: Recent advances, innovative technologies and challenges in extraction and purification","volume":"99","author":"Rajauria","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16817","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules200916817","article-title":"Optimized extraction of polysaccharides from Grateloupia livida (Harv.) yamada and biological activities","volume":"20","author":"Ye","year":"2015","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2016.10.067","article-title":"Purification, partial characterization and bioactivity of sulfated polysaccharides from Grateloupia livida","volume":"94","author":"Tang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pacheco-Quito, E.M., Ruiz-Caro, R., and Veiga, M.D. (2020). Carrageenan: Drug Delivery Systems and Other Biomedical Applications. Mar. Drugs, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/md18110583"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-4522.2003.tb00019.x","article-title":"Potential antioxidant activity of marine red alga grateloupia filicina extracts","volume":"10","author":"Athukorala","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Food Lipids"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pereira, L. (2018). Seaweeds as source of bioactive substances and skin care therapy-Cosmeceuticals, algotheraphy, and thalassotherapy. Cosmetics, 5.","DOI":"10.3390\/cosmetics5040068"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2013.09.003","article-title":"Next generation cosmeceuticals. The latest in peptides, growth factors, cytokines, and stem cells","volume":"32","author":"Malerich","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dermatol. Clin."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radphyschem.2008.09.001","article-title":"Anti-photoaging activity and inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) by marine red alga, Corallina pilulifera methanol extract","volume":"78","author":"Ryu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Radiat. Phys. Chem."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7274","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.RA119.011139","article-title":"Mycosporine-like amino acids stimulate hyaluronan secretion by up-regulating hyaluronan synthase 2 via activation of the p38\/MSK1\/CREB\/c-Fos\/AP-1 axis","volume":"295","author":"Terazawa","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Orfanoudaki, M., Hartmann, A., Alilou, M., Gelbrich, T., Planchenault, P., Derbr\u00e9, S., Schinkovitz, A., Richomme, P., Hensel, A., and Ganzera, M. (2020). Absolute configuration of mycosporine-like amino acids, their wound healing properties and in vitro anti-aging effects. Mar. Drugs, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/md18010035"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P\u00e9rez, M.J., Falqu\u00e9, E., and Dom\u00ednguez, H. (2016). Antimicrobial action of compounds from marine seaweed. Mar. Drugs, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/md14030052"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Silva, A., Silva, S.A., Carpena, M., Garcia-Oliveira, P., Gull\u00f3n, P., Barroso, M.F., Prieto, M.A., and Simal-Gandara, J. (2020). Macroalgae as a source of valuable antimicrobial compounds: Extraction and applications. Antibiotics, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics9100642"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1515\/BOT.2008.026","article-title":"Anti-microfouling activities in extracts of two invasive algae: Grateloupia turuturu and Sargassum muticum","volume":"51","author":"Hellio","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bot. Mar."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u00c1lvarez-G\u00f3mez, F., Korbee, N., Casas-Arrojo, V., Abdala-D\u00edaz, R.T., and Figueroa, F.L. (2019). UV photoprotection, cytotoxicity and immunology capacity of red algae extracts. Molecules, 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24020341"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bedoux, G., Hardouin, K., Burlot, A.S., and Bourgougnon, N. (2014). Bioactive components from seaweeds: Cosmetic applications and future development, Elsevier.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-408062-1.00012-3"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pereira, L. (2015). Seaweed flora of the european north atlantic and mediterranean. Springer Handbook of Marine Biotechnology, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-53971-8_6"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marenvres.2018.11.014","article-title":"Ecophysiological implications of UV radiation in the interspecific interaction of Pyropia acanthophora and Grateloupia turuturu (Rhodophyta)","volume":"144","author":"Ramlov","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mar. Environ. Res."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2016.09.023","article-title":"Potential anti-inflammatory natural products from marine algae","volume":"48","author":"Fernando","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol."}],"container-title":["Applied Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3417\/11\/4\/1650\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T05:23:17Z","timestamp":1760160197000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3417\/11\/4\/1650"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,12]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]}},"alternative-id":["app11041650"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/app11041650","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-3417"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-3417","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,12]]}}}