{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T09:49:00Z","timestamp":1778233740524,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,29]],"date-time":"2021-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616976000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004586","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["E-26\/010.001953\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E-26\/010.001953\/2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004586","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004586","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["E-26\/210.150\/2019,"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E-26\/210.150\/2019,"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004586","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Applied Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A\u00e7a\u00ed (Euterpe oleracea) is a Brazilian typical fruit that is enveloped by natural fibers. This work investigated the effect of incorporating ground a\u00e7a\u00ed fibers (in natura and chemically treated with NaOH and HCl) in 5\u201310 wt.% replacement of Portland cement on the rheology, hydration, and microstructure of pastes. Rotational rheometry, isothermal calorimetry, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were performed to evaluate the cement pastes, in addition to SEM-EDS, FTIR, zeta potential, and XRD for fiber characterization. The results showed that the chemical treatment reduced the cellulose and lignin contents in a\u00e7a\u00ed fibers while increasing its surface roughness. The addition of 5% of either fiber slightly increased the yield stress and viscosity of paste, while 10% addition drastically increased these properties, reaching yield stress and viscosity values respectively 40 and 8 times higher than those of plain paste. The incorporation of 5% in natura fibers delayed the cement hydration by about 2.5 days while 10% in natura fibers delayed it by over 160 h. The chemical treatment significantly reduced this retarding effect, leading to a 3 h delay when 5% treated fibers were incorporated. Overall, the combined NaOH\/HCl treatment was effective for a\u00e7a\u00ed fibers functionalization and these fibers can be used in cementitious composites.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/app11073036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,29]],"date-time":"2021-03-29T16:01:57Z","timestamp":1617033717000},"page":"3036","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Rheology, Hydration, and Microstructure of Portland Cement Pastes Produced with Ground A\u00e7a\u00ed Fibers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Afonso","family":"Azevedo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"LECIV\u2014Civil Engineering Laboratory, UENF\u2014State University of the Northern Rio de Janeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes 28013-602, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3695-1356","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo","family":"de Matos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, UFSC\u2014Federal University of Santa Catarina, Rua Jo\u00e3o Pio Duarte Silva, 205, Florian\u00f3polis 88040-900, Brazil"},{"name":"Coordenadoria Acad\u00eamica, UFSM\u2014Federal University of Santa Maria, Rodovia Taufik Germano, 3013, Cachoeira do Sul 96503-205, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2162-1872","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Markssuel","family":"Marvila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAMAV\u2014Advanced Materials Laboratory, UENF\u2014State University of the Northern Rio de Janeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes 28013-602, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Sakata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, UFSC\u2014Federal University of Santa Catarina, Rua Jo\u00e3o Pio Duarte Silva, 205, Florian\u00f3polis 88040-900, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6437-3047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Silvestro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, UFSC\u2014Federal University of Santa Catarina, Rua Jo\u00e3o Pio Duarte Silva, 205, Florian\u00f3polis 88040-900, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4029-9345","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philippe","family":"Gleize","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, UFSC\u2014Federal University of Santa Catarina, Rua Jo\u00e3o Pio Duarte Silva, 205, Florian\u00f3polis 88040-900, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6766-2736","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge de","family":"Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CERIS, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-01 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cho, B.H., Nam, B.H., An, J., and Youn, H. (2020). Municipal Solid Waste Incineration (MSWI) Ashes as Construction Materials\u2014A Review. Materials, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma13143143"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Nabil, K., Farid, B., and Ali, Z. (2013, January 8\u20139). Valorization of asphalt rubber fine powder in road field. Proceedings of the Key Engineering Materials, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2019.03.157","article-title":"Experimental study on mechanical and waterproof performance of lightweight foamed concrete mixed with crumb rubber","volume":"209","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Constr. Build. 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