{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T07:04:43Z","timestamp":1773385483127,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Applied Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper conceptualizes and evaluates the groundwater resource in a coastal urban area hydrologically influenced by peri-urban irrigation agriculture. Adra town in southern Spain was the case study chosen to evaluate the groundwater resource contributed from the northern steep urban sector (NSUS) to the southern flat urban sector (SFUS), which belongs to the Adra River Delta Groundwater Body (ARDGB). The methodology included (1) geological and hydrogeological data compilation; (2) thirteen Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW), and eight Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) profiles to define shallow geological structures and some hydrogeological features; (3) hydrogeological surveys for aquifer hydraulic definition; (4) conceptualization of the hydrogeological functioning; and (5) the NSUS groundwater resource evaluation. All findings were integrated to prepare a 1:5000 scale hydrogeological map and cross-sections. Ten hydrogeological formations were defined, four of them (Paleozoic weathered bedrock, Pleistocene littoral facies, Holocene colluvial, and anthropogenic filling) in the NSUS contributing to the SFUS. The NSUS groundwater discharge and recharge are, respectively, around 0.28 Mm3 year\u22121 and 0.31 Mm3 year\u22121, and the actual groundwater storage is around 0.47 Mm3. The groundwater renewability is high enough to guarantee a durable small exploitation for specific current and future urban water uses which can alleviate the pressure on the ARDGB.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/app11073154","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T10:44:01Z","timestamp":1617273841000},"page":"3154","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Combining of MASW and GPR Imaging and Hydrogeological Surveys for the Groundwater Resource Evaluation in a Coastal Urban Area in Southern Spain"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8165-8669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco Javier","family":"Alcal\u00e1","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Geol\u00f3gico y Minero de Espa\u00f1a, 28003 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda, Instituto de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas Aplicadas, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Chile, 7500138 Santiago, Chile"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3308-3768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Pag\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mining and Civil Engineering, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Cartagena, 30203 Cartagena, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8411-0896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Catarina","family":"Paz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIQuiBio, Polytechnic Institute of Set\u00fabal, Barreiro School of Technology, 2839-001 Lavradio, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Navarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Physics, Universidad de Almer\u00eda, 04120 Almer\u00eda, Spain"}]},{"given":"Jaruselsky","family":"P\u00e9rez-Cuevas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica Madre y Maestra, 2748 Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Domingo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Estaci\u00f3n Experimental de Zonas \u00c1ridas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas, 04120 Almer\u00eda, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sabater, S., and Barcel\u00f3, D. 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