{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T01:05:32Z","timestamp":1773709532208,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,10]],"date-time":"2021-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618012800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PTDC\/CTM-CTM\/2156\/2020, PTDC\/QUI-ELT\/3681\/2020, POCI-01-0247-FEDER-039926, POCI-01-0145-FEDER-032241, UIDB\/00481\/2020 and UIDP\/00481\/2020; and also, by Centro Portugal Regional Operational Programme (Cen-tro2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agree"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/CTM-CTM\/2156\/2020, PTDC\/QUI-ELT\/3681\/2020, POCI-01-0247-FEDER-039926, POCI-01-0145-FEDER-032241, UIDB\/00481\/2020 and UIDP\/00481\/2020; and also, by Centro Portugal Regional Operational Programme (Cen-tro2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agree"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Applied Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Layered Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) lanthanide nickelates, Lnn+1NinO3n+1 (Ln = La, Pr, and Nd; n = 1, 2, and 3) have generated great interest as potential cathodes for proton conducting fuel cells (PCFCs). The high-order phase (n = 3) is especially intriguing, as it possesses the property of a high and metallic-type electronic conductivity that persists to low temperatures. To provide the additional requirement of high ionic conductivity, a composite electrode is here suggested, formed by a combination of La4Ni3O10\u00b1\u03b4 with the proton conducting phase BaCe0.9Y0.1O3-\u03b4 (40 vol%). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is used to analyse this composite electrode in both wet (pH2O ~ 10\u22122 atm) and low humidity (pH2O ~ 10\u22125 atm) conditions in an O2 atmosphere (400\u2013550 \u00b0C). An extended analysis that first tests the stability of the impedance data through Kramers-Kronig and Bayesian Hilbert transform relations is outlined, that is subsequently complemented with the distribution function of relaxation times (DFRTs) methodology. In a final step, correction of the impedance data against the short-circuiting contribution from the electrolyte substrate is also performed. This work offers a detailed assessment of the La4Ni3O10\u00b1\u03b4-BaCe0.9Y0.1O3-\u03b4 composite cathode, while providing a robust analysis methodology for other researchers working on the development of electrodes for PCFCs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/app11083407","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,12]],"date-time":"2021-04-12T03:04:06Z","timestamp":1618196646000},"page":"3407","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Analysis of La4Ni3O10\u00b1\u03b4-BaCe0.9Y0.1O3-\u03b4 Composite Cathodes for Proton Ceramic Fuel Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5050-3859","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco J. A.","family":"Loureiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Mechanical Technology and Automation, Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Devaraj","family":"Ramasamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Mechanical Technology and Automation, Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Vanessa C. D.","family":"Gra\u00e7a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Mechanical Technology and Automation, Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Laura I. V.","family":"Holz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Mechanical Technology and Automation, Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Sergey M.","family":"Mikhalev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Mechanical Technology and Automation, Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Duncan P.","family":"Fagg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Mechanical Technology and Automation, Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226991","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2019.226991","article-title":"A review on sintering technology of proton conducting BaCeO3-BaZrO3 perovskite oxide materials for Protonic Ceramic Fuel Cells","volume":"438","author":"Loureiro","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. 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