{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:04:29Z","timestamp":1760234669715,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]],"date-time":"2021-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623024000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Operational Programme Research and Innovation","award":["313011D103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["313011D103"]}]},{"name":"Operational Programme Integrated Infrastructure","award":["313011V344"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["313011V344"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002924","name":"FEDER","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FCT UIDB\/50006\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FCT UIDB\/50006\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002924","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Applied Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sarcopoterium spinosum (L.) is a medicinal plant traditionally used for the treatment of various diseases including cancer in the Near- and Middle East. The fractions and constituents of the ethanol extract of S. spinosum were screened for in vitro cytotoxic activities on Jurkat (acute T-lymphoblastic leukemia), HeLa (cervical adenocarcinoma), MCF-7 (mammary gland adenocarcinoma), Caco-2 (human colorectal adenocarcinoma), and MDA-MB-231 (mammary gland adenocarcinoma) cell lines using the MTT (3-(dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. The ethanol extract was subsequently re-extracted with ethyl acetate and in its sub-fraction obtained by column chromatography three compounds (stachydrine, benzalkonium chloride and rutine) were the first time identified by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses. The most active subfraction showed cytotoxic activity against HeLa, MCF-7, and Caco-2 cell lines. The three compounds mentioned, as standards of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) quality, were studied individually and in combination. Cytotoxic activity observed might be due to the presence of benzalkonium chloride and rutin. Benzalkonium chloride showed the strongest growth suppression effect against HeLa cells (IC50 8.10\u22127 M) and MCF-7 cells (IC50 5.10\u22126 M). The mixture of stachydrine and benzalkonium chloride allowed a synergistic cytotoxic effect against all tested cancer and normal cells to be obtained. Anti-cancer activity of the plant extract of S. spinosum remains under-investigated, so this research describes how the three major compounds identified in the ethyl acetate extract can exert a significant dose dependent in vitro cytotoxicity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/app11115300","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]],"date-time":"2021-06-07T13:25:43Z","timestamp":1623072343000},"page":"5300","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["In Vitro Cytotoxic Effects of Secondary Metabolites Present in Sarcopoterium Spinosum L."],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Jozef","family":"Hudec","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agrochemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7974-4525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Mojzis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef \u0160af\u00e1rik University in Ko\u0161ice, Trieda SNP 1, 040 11 Ko\u0161ice, Slovakia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1721-7161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Habanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5536-6056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge A.","family":"Saraiva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Pavel","family":"Hradil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University Olomouc, Tr. 17. Listopadu, 1192\/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic"}]},{"given":"Tibor","family":"Liptaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Laboratories, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinsk\u00e9ho 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0515-5138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lubomir","family":"Kobida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sustainable Agriculture and Herbology, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia"}]},{"given":"Miroslav","family":"Haban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sustainable Agriculture and Herbology, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Holovicova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AgroBioTech Research Centre, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia"}]},{"given":"Dominika","family":"Zvercova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sustainable Agriculture and Herbology, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abotaleb, M., Liskova, A., Kubatka, P., and B\u00fcsselberg, D. (2020). Therapeutic Potential of Plant Phenolic Acids in the Treatment of Cancer. 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