{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T18:06:40Z","timestamp":1764698800164,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,28]],"date-time":"2021-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624838400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/50017\/2020","UIDP\/50017\/2020","UIDB\/04279\/2020","UIDP\/04279\/2020","UIDB\/50006\/2020","SFRH\/BD\/129020\/2017","SFRH\/BD\/146930\/2019","SFRH\/BD\/137036\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50017\/2020","UIDP\/50017\/2020","UIDB\/04279\/2020","UIDP\/04279\/2020","UIDB\/50006\/2020","SFRH\/BD\/129020\/2017","SFRH\/BD\/146930\/2019","SFRH\/BD\/137036\/2018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Applied Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>There is an urgent need for new substances to overcome current challenges in the health sciences. Marine fungi are known producers of numerous compounds, but the manipulation of growth conditions for optimal compound production can be laborious and time-consuming. In Portugal, despite its very long coastline, there are only a few studies on marine fungi. From a collection of Portuguese marine fungi, we screened for antimicrobial, antioxidant, enzymatic, and cytotoxic activities. Mycelia aqueous extracts, obtained by high pressure-assisted extraction, and methanolic extracts of culture media showed high antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic activities. The mycelium extracts of Cladosporium rubrum showed higher antioxidant potential compared to extracts from other fungi. Mycelia and culture media extracts of Aspergillus affinis and Penicillium lusitanum inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Kocuria rhizophila, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, including multiresistant strains. Penicillium lusitanum and Trichoderma aestuarinum inhibited the growth of clinical strains of Candida albicans, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, and C. tropicalis. All extracts from culture media were cytotoxic to Vero cells. Sea salt induced alterations in the mycelium\u2019s chemical composition, leading to different activity profiles.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/app11136008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,28]],"date-time":"2021-06-28T11:45:40Z","timestamp":1624880740000},"page":"6008","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Unveiling Biological Activities of Marine Fungi: The Effect of Sea Salt"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2295-3374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Micael F. M.","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2726-5466","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Pa\u00e7o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CESAM, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Lu\u00eds F.","family":"Escada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Manuela S. F.","family":"Albuquerque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5742-706X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos A.","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5536-6056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge A.","family":"Saraiva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6849-6004","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Sofia","family":"Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Interdisciplinary Investigation (CIIS), Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, 3504-505 Viseu, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3660-4116","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teresa A. P.","family":"Rocha-Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CESAM, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2239-2976","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Cristina","family":"Esteves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0117-2958","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Artur","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1515\/bot.2011.043","article-title":"Are there more marine fungi to be described?","volume":"54","author":"Jones","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bot. 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