{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T21:59:22Z","timestamp":1774735162870,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,30]],"date-time":"2021-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627603200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Applied Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Foot postural alignment has been associated with altered gait pattern. This study aims to investigate gait kinematic differences in flatfoot subjects\u2019 regarding all lower limb segments compared to neutral foot subjects. Methods: A total of 31 participants were recruited (age: 23.26 yo \u00b1 4.43; height: 1.70 m \u00b1 0.98; weight: 75.14 kg \u00b1 14.94). A total of 15 subjects were integrated into the flatfoot group, and the remaining 16 were placed in the neutral foot group. All of the particpants were screened using the Navicular Drop Test and Resting Calcaneal Stance Position test to characterize each group, and results were submitted to gait analysis using a MOCAP system. Results: Significant kinematic differences between groups were found for the ankle joint dorsiflexion, abduction, and internal and external rotation (p &lt; 0.05). Additionally, significant differences were found for the knee flexion, extension, abduction, and external rotation peak values (p &lt; 0.001). Significant differences were also found for the hip flexion, extension, external rotation, pelvis rotation values (p &lt; 0.02). Several amplitude differences were found concerning ankle abduction\/adduction, knee flexion\/extension and abduction\/adduction, hip flexion\/extension and rotation, and pelvis rotation (p &lt; 0.01). Conclusion: Flatfooted subjects showed kinematic changes in their gait patterns. The impact on this condition on locomotion biomechanical aspects is clinically essential, and 3D gait biomechanical analysis use could be advantageous in the early detection of health impairments related to foot posture.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/app11157077","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,30]],"date-time":"2021-07-30T12:59:24Z","timestamp":1627649964000},"page":"7077","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Gait Kinematics Analysis of Flatfoot Adults"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9998-4702","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joel","family":"Marouvo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"RoboCorp Laboratory, i2A, Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, 3045-093 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Sport (FADEUP), CIFI2D, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4084-1942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filipa","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport (FADEUP), CIFI2D, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Porto Biomechanics Laboratory (LABIOMEP-UP), University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Orlando","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Desporto e Sa\u00fade, Escola de Sa\u00fade e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de \u00c9vora, 7000-727 \u00c9vora, Portugal"},{"name":"Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC), Universidade de \u00c9vora, 7000-849 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1500-355X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sector of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal"},{"name":"Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes (CEMMPRE), University of Coimbra, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4917-5712","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Szczepan","family":"Paszkiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Automatic Control and Informatics, Opole University of Technology, Pr\u00f3szkowska 76 Street, 45-758 Opole, Poland"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2008.0910","article-title":"The Correlation between Pes Planus and Anterior Knee or Intermittent Low Back Pain","volume":"29","author":"Kosashvili","year":"2008","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2014.02.008","article-title":"Ultrasound evaluation of foot muscles and plantar fascia in pes planus","volume":"40","author":"Angin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1186\/s13047-018-0297-7","article-title":"Effect of plano-valgus foot posture on midfoot kinematics during barefoot walking in an adolescent population","volume":"11","author":"Caravaggi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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