{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:17:23Z","timestamp":1760235443945,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,23]],"date-time":"2021-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629676800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["reference UIDB\/4255\/2020","2020.05720.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["reference UIDB\/4255\/2020","2020.05720.BD"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Applied Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Candida albicans is the most prevalent fungi isolated in endodontic infections. In this study, the ability of C. albicans biofilm to tolerate the novel solvent mixtures methyl ethyl ketone (MEK)\/tetrachloroethylene (TCE) and MEK\/orange oil (OOil) sequentially to the standard irrigation of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic (EDTA) was evaluated. Methods: Biofilm cell cultures of C. albicans SC 5314 were treated sequentially with NaOCl and EDTA and exposed to MEK\/TCE or MEK\/OOil. The effect of the antimicrobial treatment was evaluated using the disk diffusion method for planktonic culture, and the enumeration of colony-forming units (CFUs) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) for biofilm cell culture. Results: C. albicans mature biofilm (24 h) was significantly reduced in biomass and cell viability after solvent mixtures\u2019 exposure, compared with the previous NaOCl and EDTA treatments. MEK\/OOil combination caused a total reduction of biofilm, while with MEK\/TCE, there was a 3-log (CFU\/cm2) reduction compared with the sequence NaOCl and EDTA, and a 4-log (CFU\/cm2) reduction compared with the control. Conclusions: The additional exposure of a preformed 24 h C. albicans biofilm to novel solvent mixtures MEK\/TCE and MEK\/OOil caused a positive antibiofilm impact, overcoming the performance of the conventional endodontic irrigating protocol.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/app11167748","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,23]],"date-time":"2021-08-23T10:24:17Z","timestamp":1629714257000},"page":"7748","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Candida albicans Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activity of Novel Endodontic Solvents"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9587-3557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"In\u00eas","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CINTESIS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8823-9494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Elisa","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO\u2013Laborat\u00f3rio de Microbiologia Aplicada \u00e0 Sa\u00fade, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Liliana","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO\u2013Laborat\u00f3rio de Microbiologia Aplicada \u00e0 Sa\u00fade, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0317-4877","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariana","family":"Henriques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO\u2013Laborat\u00f3rio de Microbiologia Aplicada \u00e0 Sa\u00fade, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Pina-Vaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CINTESIS, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2010.04.007","article-title":"Biofilms and apical periodontitis: Study of prevalence and association with clinical and histopathologic findings","volume":"36","author":"Ricucci","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. 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