{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,19]],"date-time":"2026-04-19T18:04:56Z","timestamp":1776621896546,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,19]],"date-time":"2021-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632009600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/04292\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04292\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/50017\/2020+UIDB\/50017\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/50017\/2020+UIDB\/50017\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PTDC\/BIA-CBI\/31144\/2017\u2014POCI-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/BIA-CBI\/31144\/2017\u2014POCI-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Fundo Azul","award":["FA_05_2017_011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FA_05_2017_011"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EAPA_451\/2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EAPA_451\/2016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005727","name":"Universidade de Coimbra","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IT057-18-7253"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IT057-18-7253"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005727","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Applied Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Macroalgae are a biological group that has mainly been used in Asian countries; however, the interest shown by Western society is recent, its application in the industrial sector having increased in the last few decades. Seaweeds are filled with properties which are beneficial to our health. To use them as food and enhance these properties, heat has been used on them. This process alters the bioactive compounds. If we study the levels of moisture, they can vary according to the drying methods used. High values of moisture can lead to a short shelf life due to oxidation, microbial or enzyme activity, so controlling these values is highly recommended. Heat causes enzymatic activity as well as oxidation, which leads to degradation of phenolic compounds in comparison with freeze-drying, which causes fewer losses of these components. Due to the same occurrences, lipid content can also vary, modifying the bioactive compounds and their benefits. Pigments are some of the components most affected by heat, since, through this process, seaweeds or seaweed products can suffer a change in color. Iodine in macroalgae can decrease drastically; on the other hand, protein yield can be greatly enhanced. Some studies showed that the amount of arsenic in raw seaweeds was higher than when they were heat processed, and that arsenic values varied when different heat treatments were applied. Additionally, another study showed that heat can alter protein yield in specific species and have a different effect on other species.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/app11188740","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,20]],"date-time":"2021-09-20T07:52:14Z","timestamp":1632124334000},"page":"8740","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Effects of Heat Treatment Processes: Health Benefits and Risks to the Consumer"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Miguel","family":"Cascais","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Coimbra, MARE\u2014Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, Cal\u00e7ada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Higher Institute for Tourism and Hotel Management of Estoril, Av. Condes de Barcelona, n.808, 2769-510 Estoril, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Coimbra, MARE\u2014Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, Cal\u00e7ada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5509-1067","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana","family":"Pacheco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Coimbra, MARE\u2014Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, Cal\u00e7ada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5244-221X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Cotas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Coimbra, MARE\u2014Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, Cal\u00e7ada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6819-0619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonel","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Coimbra, MARE\u2014Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, Cal\u00e7ada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o Carlos","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Coimbra, MARE\u2014Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, Cal\u00e7ada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8611-7183","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana M. M.","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Coimbra, MARE\u2014Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, Cal\u00e7ada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2021.125125","article-title":"Algal Proteins: Production Strategies and Nutritional and Functional Properties","volume":"332","author":"Geada","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dopelt, K., Radon, P., and Davidovitch, N. (2019). Environmental Effects of the Livestock Industry: The Relationship between Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behavior among Students in Israel. Int. J. Environ. Res. 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