{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T15:39:42Z","timestamp":1773157182715,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,23]],"date-time":"2021-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632355200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through COMPETE2020 - the Operational Pro-gramme for Competitiveness and Internationalisation (OPCI)","award":["24498"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24498"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Applied Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Business models built upon multimedia\/multisensory setups delivering user experiences within disparate contexts\u2014entertainment, tourism, cultural heritage, etc.\u2014usually comprise the installation and in-situ management of both equipment and digital contents. Considering each setup as unique in its purpose, location, layout, equipment and digital contents, monitoring and control operations may add up to a hefty cost over time. Software and hardware agnosticity may be of value to lessen complexity and provide more sustainable management processes and tools. Distributed computing under the Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm may enable management processes capable of providing both remote control and monitoring of multimedia\/multisensory experiences made available in different venues. A prototyping software to perform IoT multimedia\/multisensory simulations is presented in this paper. It is fully based on virtual environments that enable the remote design, layout, and configuration of each experience in a transparent way, without regard of software and hardware. Furthermore, pipelines to deliver contents may be defined, managed, and updated in a context-aware environment. This software was tested in the laboratory and was proven as a sustainable approach to manage multimedia\/multisensory projects. It is currently being field-tested by an international multimedia company for further validation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/app11198854","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,24]],"date-time":"2021-09-24T00:30:33Z","timestamp":1632443433000},"page":"8854","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Prototyping IoT-Based Virtual Environments: An Approach toward the Sustainable Remote Management of Distributed Mulsemedia Setups"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2727-0014","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Telmo","family":"Ad\u00e3o","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graphic Computation Center (CCG), University of Minho Campus de Azur\u00e9m, Edif\u00edcio 14, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro Algoritmi, Universidade do Minho Campus de Azur\u00e9m, Av. da Universidade, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Tatiana","family":"Pinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Robotics in Industry and Intelligent Systems (CRIIS), INESC Technology and Science (INESC-TEC), 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7570-9773","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"P\u00e1dua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Robotics in Industry and Intelligent Systems (CRIIS), INESC Technology and Science (INESC-TEC), 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Engineering Department, School of Science and Technology, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Lu\u00eds G.","family":"Magalh\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Algoritmi, Universidade do Minho Campus de Azur\u00e9m, Av. da Universidade, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4533-930X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joaquim","family":"J. Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Robotics in Industry and Intelligent Systems (CRIIS), INESC Technology and Science (INESC-TEC), 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Engineering Department, School of Science and Technology, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5669-7976","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emanuel","family":"Peres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Robotics in Industry and Intelligent Systems (CRIIS), INESC Technology and Science (INESC-TEC), 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Engineering Department, School of Science and Technology, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Coelho, P. (2017). Internet Das Coisas-Introdu\u00e7ao Pratica, FCA-Editora de Inform\u00e1tica. [1st ed.]."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2019.05.028","article-title":"mySense: A comprehensive data management environment to improve precision agriculture practices","volume":"162","author":"Morais","year":"2019","journal-title":"Comput. Electron. Agric."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3679","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2018.2791944","article-title":"Secure Surveillance Framework for IoT Systems Using Probabilistic Image Encryption","volume":"14","author":"Muhammad","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Ind. Inform."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2017.1600514","article-title":"Internet-of-Things-Based Smart Cities: Recent Advances and Challenges","volume":"55","author":"Mehmood","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Mag."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8202","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2964280","article-title":"Multimedia Internet of Things: A Comprehensive Survey","volume":"8","author":"Nauman","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jalal, L., Popescu, V., and Murroni, M. (2017, January 23\u201325). IoT Architecture for Multisensorial Media. Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE URUCON, Montevideo, Uruguay.","DOI":"10.1109\/URUCON.2017.8171894"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24617","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-018-7049-3","article-title":"A distributed multi-layer MEC-cloud architecture for processing large scale IoT-based multimedia applications","volume":"78","author":"Almajali","year":"2019","journal-title":"Multimed. Tools Appl."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1904","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2018.2817339","article-title":"Spectrum Assignment in Cognitive Radio Networks for Internet-of-Things Delay-Sensitive Applications Under Jamming Attacks","volume":"5","author":"Salameh","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1109\/MSPEC.2016.7572524","article-title":"The internet of fewer things [News]","volume":"53","author":"Nordrum","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Spectr."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adhoc.2015.04.006","article-title":"Internet of multimedia things: Vision and challenges","volume":"33","author":"Alvi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ad Hoc Netw."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17067","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2796307","article-title":"Agent-Based System Architecture Supporting Remote Collaboration via an Internet of Multimedia Things Approach","volume":"6","author":"Kaeri","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31580","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2842034","article-title":"An Intelligent System for Video Surveillance in IoT Environments","volume":"6","author":"Rego","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2018.1700907","article-title":"Semantic Multimedia Fog Computing and IoT Environment: Sustainability Perspective","volume":"56","author":"Rahman","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Mag."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1109\/TMSCS.2018.2886843","article-title":"A Big Data Layered Architecture and Functional Units for the Multimedia Internet of Things","volume":"4","author":"Seng","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Multi-Scale Comput. Syst."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.2011.5772059","article-title":"Multimedia traffic security architecture for the internet of things","volume":"25","author":"Zhou","year":"2011","journal-title":"IEEE Netw."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goel, D., Pahal, N., Jain, P., and Chaudhury, S. (2017, January 14\u201316). An Ontology-Driven Context Aware Framework for Smart Traffic Monitoring. Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE Region 10 Symposium (TENSYMP), Cochin, India.","DOI":"10.1109\/TENCONSpring.2017.8070059"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Parizi, R.M., Dehghantanha, A., and Choo, K.R. (2018, January 1\u20133). Towards Better Ocular Recognition for Secure Real-World Applications. Proceedings of the 2018 17th IEEE International Conference on Trust, Security and Privacy in Computing and Communications\/12th IEEE International Conference on Big Data Science and Engineering (TrustCom\/BigDataSE), New York, NY, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/TrustCom\/BigDataSE.2018.00050"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sornalatha, K., and Kavitha, V.R. (2017, January 27\u201328). IoT Based Smart Museum Using Bluetooth Low Energy. Proceedings of the 2017 Third International Conference on Advances in Electrical, Electronics, Information, Communication and Bio-Informatics (AEEICB), Chennai, India.","DOI":"10.1109\/AEEICB.2017.7972368"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De La Borbolla, I.R., Chicoskie, M., and Tinnell, T. (2017, January 8\u201310). Applying the Internet of Things (IoT) to biomedical development for surgical research and healthcare professional training. Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE Technology & Engineering Management Conference (TEMSCON), Santa Clara, CA, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/TEMSCON.2017.7998399"},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"Poluan, S.E.R., and Chen, Y.-A. (2020, January 22\u201325). A Framework for a Multisensory IoT System Based on Service-Oriented Architecture. Proceedings of the 2020 21st Asia-Pacific Network Operations and Management Symposium (APNOMS), Daegu, Korea."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rahman, M.A., Rashid, M., Barnes, S., Hossain, M.S., Hassanain, E., and Guizani, M. (2019, January 24\u201328). An IoT and Blockchain-Based Multi-Sensory In-Home Quality of Life Framework for Cancer Patients. Proceedings of the 2019 15th International Wireless Communications Mobile Computing Conference (IWCMC), Tangier, Morocco.","DOI":"10.1109\/IWCMC.2019.8766496"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Soro, A., Brereton, M., and Roe, P. (2019). Engaging Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorder through Multisensory Interactive Experiences in a Smart Space. Social Internet of Things, Springer International Publishing.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-94659-7"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gelsomini, M., Cosentino, G., Spitale, M., Gianotti, M., Fisicaro, D., Leonardi, G., Riccardi, F., Piselli, A., Beccaluva, E., and Bonadies, B. (2019, January 4\u20139). Magika, a Multisensory Environment for Play, Education and Inclusion. Proceedings of the Extended Abstracts of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Glasgow, Scotland, UK.","DOI":"10.1145\/3290607.3312753"},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"Striner, A. (2018). Can Multisensory Cues in VR Help Train Pattern Recognition to Citizen Scientists?. arXiv."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pelet, J.-E., Lick, E., and Taieb, B. (2019, January 1). Internet of Things and Artificial Intelligence in the Hotel Industry: Which Opportunities and Threats for Sensory Marketing?. Proceedings of the International Conference on Research on National Brand and Private Label Marketing, Granada, Spain.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-18911-2_20"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3233774","article-title":"Is Multimedia Multisensorial? A Review of Mulsemedia Systems","volume":"51","author":"Covaci","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACM Comput. Surv."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D\u2019Angelo, G., Ferretti, S., and Ghini, V. (2016, January 18\u201322). Simulation of the Internet of Things. Proceedings of the 2016 International Conference on High Performance Computing Simulation (HPCS), Innsbruck, Austria.","DOI":"10.1109\/HPCSim.2016.7568309"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haris, I., Bisanovic, V., Wally, B., Rausch, T., Ratasich, D., Dustdar, S., Kappel, G., and Grosu, R. (2019, January 14\u201317). Sensyml: Simulation Environment for Large-Scale IoT Applications. Proceedings of the IECON 2019-45th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, Lisbon, Portugal.","DOI":"10.1109\/IECON.2019.8927756"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sysarc.2016.06.008","article-title":"IOTSim: A simulator for analysing IoT applications","volume":"72","author":"Zeng","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Syst. Arch."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1002\/spe.995","article-title":"CloudSim: A toolkit for modeling and simulation of cloud computing environments and evaluation of resource provisioning algorithms","volume":"41","author":"Calheiros","year":"2011","journal-title":"Softw. Pract. Exp."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahmad, S., Mehmood, F., Mehmood, A., and Kim, D. (2019). Design and Implementation of Decoupled IoT Application Store: A Novel Prototype for Virtual Objects Sharing and Discovery. Electronics, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics8030285"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2014.2388131","article-title":"DPWSim: A Devices Profile for Web Services (DPWS) Simulator","volume":"2","author":"Han","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lamas, D., Loizides, F., Nacke, L., Petrie, H., Winckler, M., and Zaphiris, P. (2019). Design and Evaluation of Three Interaction Models for Manipulating Internet of Things (IoT) Devices in Virtual Reality. Human-Computer Interaction\u2014INTERACT 2019, Proceedings of the Human-Computer Interaction\u2014INTERACT 2019, Paphos, Cyprus, 2\u20136 September 2019, Springer International Publishing.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-29384-0"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82721","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2924045","article-title":"A Survey on IoT Security: Application Areas, Security Threats, and Solution Architectures","volume":"7","author":"Hassija","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gervasi, O., Murgante, B., Misra, S., Stankova, E., Torre, C.M., Rocha, A.M.A.C., Taniar, D., Apduhan, B.O., Tarantino, E., and Ryu, Y. (2018). Performance Evaluation of MQTT Broker Servers. Computational Science and Its Applications\u2014ICCSA 2018, Proceedings of the Computational Science and Its Applications\u2014ICCSA 2018, Melbourne, VIC, Australia, 2\u20135 July 2018, Springer International Publishing.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-95174-4"}],"container-title":["Applied Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3417\/11\/19\/8854\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T07:04:00Z","timestamp":1760166240000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3417\/11\/19\/8854"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,23]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]}},"alternative-id":["app11198854"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/app11198854","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-3417"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-3417","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,23]]}}}