{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T15:26:49Z","timestamp":1773847609660,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,2]],"date-time":"2021-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633132800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002383","name":"King Saud University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RSP-2021\/164"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSP-2021\/164"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002383","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Applied Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tolerance cost and machining time play crucial roles while performing tolerance allocation in complex assemblies. The aim of the proposed work is to minimize the above-said manufacturing objectives for allocating optimum tolerance to the components of complex assemblies, by considering the proper process and machine selections from the given alternatives. A novel methodology that provides a two-step solution is developed for this work. First, a heuristic approach is applied to determine the best machine for each process, and then a combined whale optimization algorithm with a univariate search method is used to allocate optimum tolerances with the best process selection for each sub-stage\/operation. The efficiency of the proposed novel methodology is validated by solving two typical tolerance allocation problems of complex assemblies: a wheel mounting assembly and a knuckle joint assembly. Compared with previous approaches, the proposed methodology showed a considerable reduction in tolerance cost and machining time in relatively less computation time.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/app11199164","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,4]],"date-time":"2021-10-04T09:24:15Z","timestamp":1633339455000},"page":"9164","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["A Novel Methodology for Simultaneous Minimization of Manufacturing Objectives in Tolerance Allocation of Complex Assembly"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6478-3284","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lenin","family":"Nagarajan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600 062, India"}]},{"given":"Siva Kumar","family":"Mahalingam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600 062, India"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6542-2050","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sachin","family":"Salunkhe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600 062, India"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6967-7747","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emad Abouel","family":"Nasr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Industrial Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"given":"J\u00f5ao Paulo","family":"Davim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Campus Universit\u00e1rio de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Hussein M. A.","family":"Hussein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Helwan University, Cairo 11732, Egypt"},{"name":"Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ahram Canadian University, 6th of October City 19228, Egypt"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1115\/1.2831121","article-title":"Use of a quality loss function to select statistical tolerances","volume":"119","author":"Vasseur","year":"1977","journal-title":"J. Manuf. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1818","DOI":"10.4028\/www.scientific.net\/AMM.52-54.1818","article-title":"Optimal statistical tolerance allocation of assemblies for minimum manufacturing cost","volume":"52","author":"Cheng","year":"2011","journal-title":"Appl. Mech. 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