{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:27:31Z","timestamp":1760236051243,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,22]],"date-time":"2021-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634860800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Applied Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The objective of this study is to present a new coupling method in order to measure the electrical properties of titanium alloy pedicle screws used in spinal surgery and to compare it with other common methods of measurement. An experimental setup was devised to test the electrical resistance of two specimens of pedicle screws using four methods for coupling the sensing leads, including the use of multimeter probes, alligator clips, wrapped wires and encapsulation with thermo-retractable sleeves. The electrical resistance of the pedicle screw under testing was measured at a current of 10 mA for each coupling method, and the results compared. Our findings show that although widely used in electrical analysis, the alligator clips do not perform as well as the other methods, such as simple wrapping of wires around the screw or the direct application of multimeter probes. The use of thermo-retractable sleeves provides the lowest resistance and inter-quartile range and is closer to the tabled values for the screw\u2019s titanium alloy. Additionally, only this method allows the measurement of identical resistivity values between different screw models manufactured with the same titanium alloy. We then concluded that the use of wrapped wires encapsulated with thermo-retractable sleeves allow more accurate measurements of the pedicle screw\u2019s electrical properties.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/app11219861","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,22]],"date-time":"2021-10-22T09:18:09Z","timestamp":1634894289000},"page":"9861","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A New Coupling Method for Accurate Measurement of Pedicle Screw Electrical Properties for Surgical Procedures"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4885-4924","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Fonseca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Porto Biomechanics Laboratory, University of Porto (LABIOMEP-UP), 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto (FEUP), 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"M\u00e1rcio Fagundes","family":"Goethel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Porto Biomechanics Laboratory, University of Porto (LABIOMEP-UP), 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Sebasti\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Porto Biomechanics Laboratory, University of Porto (LABIOMEP-UP), 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Sport, University of Porto (FADEUP), 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2141-0829","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manoela Vieira","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Porto Biomechanics Laboratory, University of Porto (LABIOMEP-UP), 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Sport, University of Porto (FADEUP), 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto (CIFI2D), 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4109-2939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o Paulo","family":"Vilas-Boas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Porto Biomechanics Laboratory, University of Porto (LABIOMEP-UP), 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Sport, University of Porto (FADEUP), 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto (CIFI2D), 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6065-9358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel Velhote","family":"Correia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Porto Biomechanics Laboratory, University of Porto (LABIOMEP-UP), 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto (FEUP), 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science (INESCTEC), 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0491-1736","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Gutierres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Porto Biomechanics Laboratory, University of Porto (LABIOMEP-UP), 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto (FMUP), 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Kumar, M., Kofke, W.A., Levine, J.M., and Schuster, J. 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