{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T07:25:07Z","timestamp":1771917907091,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,14]],"date-time":"2021-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639440000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Applied Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The development of novel proton-conducting membrane materials for electrochemical power units, i.e., low temperature fuel cells (FCs), efficiently working up to 300 \u00b0C, is a critical problem related to the rapid shift to hydrogen energy. Polyantimonic acid (PAA) is characterized by high conductivity, sufficient thermal stability and can be regarded as a prospective proton-conducting material. However, the fabrication of bulk PAA-based membranes with high proton conductivity remains a challenging task. In the present work, for the first time, the authors report the investigation on proton conductivity of bulk PAA-based membranes in the temperature range 25\u2013250 \u00b0C, both in dry air and in moisturized air. Using PAA powder and fluoroplastic as a binder, fully dense cylindrical membranes were formed by cold uniaxial pressing. The structures of the PAA-based membranes were investigated by SEM, EDX, XRD and Raman techniques. STA coupled with in situ thermo-XRD analysis revealed that the obtained membranes corresponded with Sb2O5\u00b73H2O with pyrochlore structure, and that no phase transitions took place up to 330 \u00b0C. PAA-based membranes possess a high-grain component of conductivity, 5 \u00d7 10\u22122 S\/cm. Grain boundary conductivities of 90PAA and 80PAA membranes increase with relative humidity content and their values change non-linearly in the range 25\u2013250 \u00b0C.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/app112411877","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,14]],"date-time":"2021-12-14T09:34:25Z","timestamp":1639474465000},"page":"11877","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Electrochemical Characterization of Novel Polyantimonic-Acid-Based Proton Conductors for Low- and Intermediate-Temperature Fuel Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7148-7755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olga Yu.","family":"Kurapova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskya Nab. 7\/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5539-9766","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro M.","family":"Faia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Polo 2, Pinhal de Marrocos, 3030-290 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Artem A.","family":"Zaripov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskya Nab. 7\/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia"}]},{"given":"Vasily V.","family":"Pazheltsev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskya Nab. 7\/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2474-6918","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Artem A.","family":"Glukharev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskya Nab. 7\/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia"}]},{"given":"Vladimir G.","family":"Konakov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemistry, Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University, 29 Polytechnicheskaya Str., 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssi.2019.01.032","article-title":"Proton conductors and their applications: A tentative historical overview of the early researches","volume":"334","author":"Colomban","year":"2019","journal-title":"Solid State Ion."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141803","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.141803","article-title":"Environmental aspects of fuel cells: A review","volume":"752","author":"Abdelkareem","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. 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