{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T05:37:42Z","timestamp":1770356262267,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,31]],"date-time":"2021-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640908800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Applied Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This work presents the immobilisation of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-TiO2 nanocomposite on glass sheets for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) under different radiation sources such as ultraviolet and simulated solar radiation. The TiO2 NPs and rGO-TiO2 nanocomposite were synthesised through a simple hydrothermal method of titanium isopropoxide precursor followed by calcination treatment. Deposition of prepared photocatalysts was performed by spin-coating method. Additionally, ethylene glycol was mixed with the prepared TiO2 NPs and rGO-TiO2 nanocomposite to enhance film adhesion on the glass surface. The photocatalytic activity under ultraviolet and simulated solar irradiation was examined. Further, the influence of different water matrices (milli-Q, river, lake, and seawater) and reactive species (h+, \u2022OH, and e\u2212) on the photocatalytic efficiency of the immobilised rGO\/TiO2 nanocomposite was careful assessed. MB dye photocatalytic degradation was found to increase with increasing irradiation time for both irradiation sources. The immobilisation of prepared photocatalysts is very convenient for environment applications, due to easy separation and reusability, and the investigated rGO\/TiO2-coated glass sheets demonstrated high efficiency in removing MB dye from an aqueous medium during five consecutive cycles.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/app12010385","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,3]],"date-time":"2022-01-03T20:49:38Z","timestamp":1641242978000},"page":"385","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Immobilised rGO\/TiO2 Nanocomposite for Multi-Cycle Removal of Methylene Blue Dye from an Aqueous Medium"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3558-8687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martina","family":"Kocijan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, Ivana Lu\u010di\u0107a 5, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3212-277X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lidija","family":"\u0106urkovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, Ivana Lu\u010di\u0107a 5, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6318-1425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Igor","family":"Bdikin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Mechanical Technology and Automation (TEMA), Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3214-8002","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gonzalo","family":"Otero-Irurueta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Mechanical Technology and Automation (TEMA), Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3555-8218","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda J.","family":"Hortig\u00fcela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Mechanical Technology and Automation (TEMA), Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2302-9661","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gil","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Mechanical Technology and Automation (TEMA), Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Tina","family":"Rado\u0161evi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Nanostructured Materials, Jo\u017eef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}]},{"given":"Damjan","family":"Vengust","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Materials Department, Jo\u017eef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}]},{"given":"Matejka","family":"Podlogar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Nanostructured Materials, Jo\u017eef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"},{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering and Technical Safety, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Ve\u010dna Pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al-Mamun, M.R., Kader, S., Islam, M.S., and Khan, M.Z.H. 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