{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T09:33:24Z","timestamp":1772789604715,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,31]],"date-time":"2021-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640908800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fundo Europeu dos Assuntos Mar\u00edtimos, das Pescas e da Aquicultura","award":["MAR-04.03.01-FEAMP-0007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MAR-04.03.01-FEAMP-0007"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Applied Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Integrated multitrophic aquaculture (IMTA) is a versatile technology emerging as an ecological and sustainable solution for traditional monoculture aquacultures in terms of effluent treatment. Nevertheless, IMTA is still poorly applied in aquaculture industry due to, among other reasons, the lack of effective, low-investment and low-maintenance solutions. In this study, one has developed a practical and low maintenance IMTA-pilot system, settled in a semi-intensive coastal aquaculture. The optimisation and performance of the system was validated using Ulva spp., a macroalgae that naturally grows in the fishponds of the local aquaculture. Several cultivation experiments were performed at lab-scale and in the IMTA-pilot system, in static mode. The specific growth rate (SGR), yield, nutrient removal, N and C enrichment, protein and pigment content were monitored. Ulva spp. successfully thrived in effluent from the fish species sea bream (Sparus aurata) and sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) production tanks and significantly reduced inorganic nutrient load in the effluent, particularly, NH4+, PO43\u2212 and NO3\u2212. The enrichment of nitrogen in Ulva spp.\u2019s tissues indicated nitrogen assimilation by the algae, though, the cultivated Ulva spp. showed lower amounts of protein and pigments in comparison to the wild type. This study indicates that the designed IMTA-pilot system is an efficient solution for fish effluent treatment and Ulva spp., a suitable effluent remediator.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/app12010398","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,3]],"date-time":"2022-01-03T22:51:50Z","timestamp":1641250310000},"page":"398","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Effective and Low-Maintenance IMTA System as Effluent Treatment Unit for Promoting Sustainability in Coastal Aquaculture"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Resende","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE-UC), MAREFOZ Laboratory, Incubadora de Empresas da Figueira da Foz, Parque Industrial e Empresarial da Figueira da Foz (Laborat\u00f3rio MAREFOZ), Rua das Ac\u00e1cias Lote 40A, 3090-380 Figueira da Foz, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Flores","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Universitario de Investigaci\u00f3n del Agua, Universidad de Granada, Edificio Fray Lu\u00eds de Granada C\/Ram\u00f3n y Cajal, 18003 Granada, Spain"}]},{"given":"Cl\u00e1udia","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE-UC), MAREFOZ Laboratory, Incubadora de Empresas da Figueira da Foz, Parque Industrial e Empresarial da Figueira da Foz (Laborat\u00f3rio MAREFOZ), Rua das Ac\u00e1cias Lote 40A, 3090-380 Figueira da Foz, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5509-1067","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana","family":"Pacheco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE-UC), MAREFOZ Laboratory, Incubadora de Empresas da Figueira da Foz, Parque Industrial e Empresarial da Figueira da Foz (Laborat\u00f3rio MAREFOZ), Rua das Ac\u00e1cias Lote 40A, 3090-380 Figueira da Foz, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Baeta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE-UC), MAREFOZ Laboratory, Incubadora de Empresas da Figueira da Foz, Parque Industrial e Empresarial da Figueira da Foz (Laborat\u00f3rio MAREFOZ), Rua das Ac\u00e1cias Lote 40A, 3090-380 Figueira da Foz, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana Carla","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE-UC), MAREFOZ Laboratory, Incubadora de Empresas da Figueira da Foz, Parque Industrial e Empresarial da Figueira da Foz (Laborat\u00f3rio MAREFOZ), Rua das Ac\u00e1cias Lote 40A, 3090-380 Figueira da Foz, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto do Ambiente Tecnologia e Vida, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Rua S\u00edlvio Lima, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana Cristina Silva","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE-UC), MAREFOZ Laboratory, Incubadora de Empresas da Figueira da Foz, Parque Industrial e Empresarial da Figueira da Foz (Laborat\u00f3rio MAREFOZ), Rua das Ac\u00e1cias Lote 40A, 3090-380 Figueira da Foz, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"FAO (2010). 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