{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T08:08:52Z","timestamp":1774858132725,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":138,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]],"date-time":"2022-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642723200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-030171"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-030171"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Applied Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this review work, the recent progress made in the use of nanofluids (NFs) applied in three specific areas will be presented: machining, solar energy, and biomedical engineering. Within this context, the discussions will be guided by emphasizing the thermal and stability properties of these fluids. In machining, NFs play a prominent role in the processes of turning, milling, drilling, and grinding, being responsible for their optimization as well as improving the useful life of the tools and reducing costs. In the solar energy field, NFs have been used in the thermal management of the panels, controlling and homogenizing the operating temperature of these systems. In the biomedical area, the advantages of using NFs come from the treatment of cancer cells, the development of vaccines before the improvement of diagnostic imaging, and many others. In all lines of research mentioned in this study, the main parameters that have limited or encouraged the use of these fluids are also identified and debated. Finally, the discussions presented in this review will inspire and guide researchers in developing new techniques to improve the applications of NFs in several fields.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/app12031115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]],"date-time":"2022-01-21T08:37:18Z","timestamp":1642754238000},"page":"1115","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Recent Developments on the Thermal Properties, Stability and Applications of Nanofluids in Machining, Solar Energy and Biomedicine"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Glauco","family":"Nobrega","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, Instituto Polit\u00e9cncio de Bragan\u00e7a, 5300-253 Braganza, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5250-820X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reinaldo Rodrigues","family":"de Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MEtRICs, Mechanical Engineering Department, Campus de Azur\u00e9m, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7986-8934","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"In\u00eas M.","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MEtRICs, Mechanical Engineering Department, Campus de Azur\u00e9m, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"},{"name":"IN+, Center for Innovation, Technology and Policy Research, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa. Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9801-7617","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana S.","family":"Moita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IN+, Center for Innovation, Technology and Policy Research, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa. Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"CINAMIL\u2014Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Desenvolvimento e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o da Academia Militar, Academia Militar, Instituto Universit\u00e1rio Militar, Rua Gomes Freire, 1169-203 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6300-148X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o E.","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, Instituto Polit\u00e9cncio de Bragan\u00e7a, 5300-253 Braganza, Portugal"},{"name":"Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, CIMO\u2014Instituto Polit\u00e9cncio de Bragan\u00e7a, 5300-253 Braganza, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3428-637X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui A.","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MEtRICs, Mechanical Engineering Department, Campus de Azur\u00e9m, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"},{"name":"CEFT, Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto (FEUP), R. 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