{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:56:02Z","timestamp":1760151362908,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,18]],"date-time":"2022-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647561600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/50017\/2020+UIDB\/50017\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/50017\/2020+UIDB\/50017\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Applied Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The physiological conditions of an organism may influence its ability to cope with environmental stressors, such as contaminants. Biotransformation and the endocrine system interact with each other to promote animal\u2019s fitness. However, little is known regarding the interaction between hormones and response to pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). In this in vitro study, we aimed to increase the knowledge regarding the effects of steroid hormones on ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity inhibited by contaminants. The effects on in vivo induced EROD activity of Anguilla anguilla were assessed by conducting single and combined exposures to fluoranthene (FL) and to physiological levels of two major steroid hormones (cortisol and 17\u00df-estradiol). Hepatic microsome exposure to the lowest concentrations of FL (0.1 and 0.3 \u00b5M), as well as to cortisol and 17\u00df-estradiol (E2), led to significant EROD activity induction. However, the highest tested concentrations of FL (0.9 and 2.7 \u00b5M) significantly inhibited this enzymatic activity. When microsomes were simultaneously exposed to 0.9 \u00b5M FL and one of the hormones, both cortisol and E2 were able to decrease the inhibitory effects, with the former completely reverting EROD activity inhibition. These findings support the idea that cortisol and E2 can help prevent the inhibitory effects of PAHs over biotransformation enzymes, highlighting the physiological relevance of these hormones.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/app12063098","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,20]],"date-time":"2022-03-20T21:25:00Z","timestamp":1647811500000},"page":"3098","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Steroid Hormones Protect against Fluoranthene Ethoxyresorufin-O-Deethylase (EROD) Activity Inhibition"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8177-0143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla S. S.","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Marine and Environmental Studies (CESAM), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Marine and Environmental Studies (CESAM), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0552-9643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00e1rio","family":"Pacheco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Marine and Environmental Studies (CESAM), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Maria Ana","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Marine and Environmental Studies (CESAM), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"71","article-title":"Identification and molecular characterization of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) family genes in the marine ciliate Euplotes crassus: The effect of benzo[a] pyrene and beta-naphthoflavone","volume":"196","author":"Yim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Comp. 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