{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T15:42:12Z","timestamp":1775490132166,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,8]],"date-time":"2022-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649376000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/00681\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00681\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Applied Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Eucalyptus globulus forest residues, bark, and branches, were characterized by wet chemistry methods and involved in the liquefaction process using a glycerol-ethylene glycol reaction mixture (1:1, v\/v) catalyzed by strong mineral acid (3% H2SO4) or strong mineral base (6% KOH). The effect of the reaction conditions (temperature and duration) and the particle size on the yield of liquefied products have been evaluated. Acid catalysis revealed remarkably higher yields (25\u201350%) than when using basic catalyst. It was considered that bark was more vulnerable to liquefaction with respect to particle size than branches. Too high temperatures (&gt;180 \u00b0C) are not advantageous regarding the liquefaction yields and, therefore, temperatures around 160\u2013180 \u00b0C would be preferable. The best yield for the bark sample (&gt;80 mesh fraction) was obtained at 180 \u00b0C for 60 min (61.6%), while for the branches the best yield was obtained at 160 \u00b0C for 60 min (62.2%). Under compromised conditions (180 \u00b0C for 60 min), the fine fraction (&gt;80 mesh) of bark and branches did not show significant differences between their liquefaction yields and can be processed together while adjusting the suitable processing time. The main advantage of the use of these residues instead of solid wood is that it would bring the Forest managing companies a much higher income for their wastes that are usually burned and the use of lignocellulosic materials in detriment of petroleum-based materials for the production of polymers would make industry less dependent on oil prices fluctuations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/app12083775","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,8]],"date-time":"2022-04-08T12:11:14Z","timestamp":1649419874000},"page":"3775","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Eco Valorization of Eucalyptus globulus Bark and Branches through Liquefaction"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3073-7487","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"PhD Student of Chemical Engineering (Engineering of Materials and Macromolecular Products) (UA), Campus Universit\u00e1rio de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6502-7202","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00edsa","family":"Cruz-Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Engineering, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, Av. Cor. Jos\u00e9 Maria Vale de Andrade, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal"},{"name":"Centre for Natural Resources, Environment and Society-CERNAS-IPV Research Centre, Av. Cor. Jos\u00e9 Maria Vale de Andrade, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Yuliya","family":"Dulyanska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Industry, Agrarian School of Viseu, 3500-606 Viseu, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4308-1563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Idalina","family":"Domingos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Natural Resources, Environment and Society-CERNAS-IPV Research Centre, Av. Cor. Jos\u00e9 Maria Vale de Andrade, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Wood Engineering, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, Av. Cor. Jos\u00e9 Maria Vale de Andrade, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7596-8065","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Natural Resources, Environment and Society-CERNAS-IPV Research Centre, Av. Cor. Jos\u00e9 Maria Vale de Andrade, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Wood Engineering, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, Av. Cor. Jos\u00e9 Maria Vale de Andrade, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6304-5105","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dmitry","family":"Evtuguin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICECO\u2013Aveiro Institute of Materials and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6660-3128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno","family":"Esteves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Natural Resources, Environment and Society-CERNAS-IPV Research Centre, Av. Cor. Jos\u00e9 Maria Vale de Andrade, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Wood Engineering, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, Av. Cor. Jos\u00e9 Maria Vale de Andrade, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123528","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2020.123528","article-title":"Technologies for Eucalyptus Wood Processing in the Scope of Biorefineries: A Comprehensive Review","volume":"311","author":"Santos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2014.12.016","article-title":"Chemical Composition and Kraft Pulping Potential of 12 Eucalypt Species","volume":"66","author":"Neiva","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ind. Crops Prod."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"CEPI (2020). 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