{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T19:03:57Z","timestamp":1770750237005,"version":"3.50.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,30]],"date-time":"2022-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653868800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FCT\/MCTES","award":["UIDB\/EEA\/50008\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/EEA\/50008\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Applied Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This article studies the underwater acoustic (UWA) communications associated with multiple input\u2013multiple output (MIMO), single carrier with frequency-domain equalization (SC-FDE), and with low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. Low-complexity receivers such as equal gain combining (EGC), maximum ratio combining (MRC), and iterative block\u2014decision feedback equalization (IB-DFE) are studied in the above-described scenarios. Furthermore, due to the low carrier frequencies utilized in UWA communications, the performance of the proposed MIMO scenarios is studied at different levels of channel correlation between antennas. This article shows that the combined schemes tend to achieve good performances while presenting low complexity, even in scenarios with channel correlation between antennas.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/app12115549","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,30]],"date-time":"2022-05-30T10:05:14Z","timestamp":1653905114000},"page":"5549","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["On the Performance of LDPC-Coded MIMO Schemes for Underwater Communications Using 5G-like Processing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"M\u00e1rio","family":"Marques da Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Engeneering and Computer Sciences, Universidade Aut\u00f3noma de Lisboa, 1169-023 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Autonoma TechLab, 1169-023 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8520-7267","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Dinis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Autonoma TechLab, 1169-023 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Universidade Nova, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Aleixo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engeneering and Computer Sciences, Universidade Aut\u00f3noma de Lisboa, 1169-023 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Autonoma TechLab, 1169-023 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9412-5012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds M. L.","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Cidades Inteligentes, 2300-305 Tomar, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2009.4752682","article-title":"Underwater acoustic communication channels: Propagation models and statistical characterization","volume":"47","author":"Stojanovic","year":"2009","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Mag."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Zhou, S., and Wang, Z. (2016). OFDM for Underwater Acoustic Communications, Willey."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Da Silva, M.M., Dinis, R., and Martins, G. (2021). On the Performance of LDPC-Coded Massive MIMO Schemes with Power-Ordered NOMA Techniques. Appl. Sci., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/app11188684"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, L., and Xu, T. (2016). 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