{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T19:31:27Z","timestamp":1773775887253,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,8]],"date-time":"2023-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678233600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BD\/138228\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/138228\/2018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Applied Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Automatic Root Cause Analysis solutions aid analysts in finding problems\u2019 root causes by using automatic data analysis. When trying to locate the root cause of a problem in a manufacturing process, an issue-denominated overlap can occur. Overlap can impede automated diagnosis using algorithms, as the data make it impossible to discern the influence of each machine on the quality of products. This paper proposes a new measure of overlap based on an information theory concept called Positive Mutual Information. This new measure allows for a more detailed analysis. A new approach is developed for automatically finding the root causes of problems when overlap occurs. A visualization that depicts overlapped locations is also proposed to ease practitioners\u2019 analysis. The proposed solution is validated in simulated and real case-study data. Compared to previous solutions, the proposed approach improves the capacity to pinpoint a problem\u2019s root causes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/app13063416","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,8]],"date-time":"2023-03-08T02:08:14Z","timestamp":1678241294000},"page":"3416","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Overlap in Automatic Root Cause Analysis in Manufacturing: An Information Theory-Based Approach"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0719-0092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo","family":"e Oliveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Ci\u00eancia e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Engenharia Mec\u00e2nica e Engenharia Industrial (INEGI), Associate Laboratory for Energy, Transports and Aerospace (LAETA), Campus da FEUP, R. Dr. Roberto Frias 400, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Vera L.","family":"Migu\u00e9is","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores, Tecnologia e Ci\u00eancia (INESC TEC), Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Campus da FEUP, R. Dr. Roberto Frias 400, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9946-5614","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 L.","family":"Borges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores, Tecnologia e Ci\u00eancia (INESC TEC), Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Campus da FEUP, R. Dr. Roberto Frias 400, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compind.2009.02.001","article-title":"Design for diagnosability of multistation manufacturing systems based on sensor allocation optimization","volume":"60","author":"Sun","year":"2009","journal-title":"Comput. Ind."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compind.2021.103399","article-title":"A double-layer attention based adversarial network for partial transfer learning in machinery fault diagnosis","volume":"127","author":"Deng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comput. Ind."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"66","article-title":"Key improvement decision analysis mechanism based on overall loss of a production system","volume":"38","author":"Shiau","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Ind. Prod. 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