{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T01:31:35Z","timestamp":1775698295313,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,22]],"date-time":"2023-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679443200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture of University of Trieste","award":["UIDB\/04625\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04625\/2020"]}]},{"name":"\u201cComBioDyn\u201d Microgrants 2022 project","award":["UIDB\/04625\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04625\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Civil Engineering Research and Innovation for Sustainability (CERIS)","award":["UIDB\/04625\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04625\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT)","award":["UIDB\/04625\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04625\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Applied Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>For structural design purposes, human-induced loads on pedestrian systems can be described by several simplified (i.e., deterministic equivalent-force models) or more complex computational approaches. Among others, the Spring-Mass-Damper (SMD), Single Degree of Freedom (SDOF) model has been elaborated by several researchers to describe single pedestrians (or groups) in the form of equivalent body mass m, spring stiffness k and damping coefficient c. For all these literature SMD formulations, it is proved that the biodynamic features of walking pedestrians can be realistically reproduced, with high computational efficiency for vibration serviceability assessment of those pedestrian systems mostly sensitive to human-induced loads (i.e., with vibration frequency f1 &lt; 8 Hz). Besides, the same SMD proposals are characterized by mostly different theoretical and experimental assumptions for calibration. On the practical side, strongly different SMD input parameters can thus be obtained for a given pedestrian. This paper focuses on a selection of literature on SMD models, especially on their dynamic effects on different structural floor systems. Four different floors are explored (F#1 and F#2 made of concrete, F#3 and F#4 of glass), with high- or low-frequency, and\/or high- (&gt;1\/130th) or low- (1\/4th) mass ratio, compared to the occupant. Normal walking scenarios with frequency in the range fp = 1.5\u20132 Hz are taken into account for a total of 100 dynamic simulations. The quantitative comparison of typical structural performance indicators for vibration serviceability assessment (i.e., acceleration peak, RMS, CREST) shows significant sensitivity to input SMD assumptions. Most importantly, the sensitivity of structural behaviours is observed for low-frequency systems, as expected, but also for low-mass structures, which (as in the case of glazed floor solutions) can be characterized by the use of lightweight modular units with relatively high vibration frequency. As such, major attention can be required for their vibrational analysis and assessment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/app13064023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,22]],"date-time":"2023-03-22T06:35:28Z","timestamp":1679466928000},"page":"4023","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Effect of Spring-Mass-Damper Pedestrian Models on the Performance of Low-Frequency or Lightweight Glazed Floors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3875-2817","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Bedon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5815-4622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filipe A.","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CERIS-NOVA, Department of Civil Engineering, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bachmann, H., and Ammann, W. (1987). Vibrations in Structures: Induced by Man and Machines, International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering.","DOI":"10.2749\/sed003e"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Sedlacek, G., Heinemeyer, C., and Butz, C. (2006). Generalisation of Criteria for Floor Vibrations for Industrial, Office, Residential and Public Building and Gymnasium Halls."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shahabpoor, E., Pavic, A., and Racic, V. (2016). Interaction between Walking Humans and Structures in Vertical Direction: A Literature Review. Shock Vib., 2016.","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/3430285"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, M., Georgakis, C.T., and Chen, J. (2016). Biomechanically excited SMD model of a walking pedestrian. J. 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Dynamics of Structures, McGrawHill."}],"container-title":["Applied Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3417\/13\/6\/4023\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T19:00:14Z","timestamp":1760122814000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3417\/13\/6\/4023"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,22]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]}},"alternative-id":["app13064023"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/app13064023","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-3417"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-3417","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,22]]}}}