{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:00:14Z","timestamp":1760148014982,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,24]],"date-time":"2023-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679616000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"national funds","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/04708\/2020","CEECINST\/00049\/2018","2021.01765.CEECIND","UIDB\/00144\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04708\/2020","CEECINST\/00049\/2018","2021.01765.CEECIND","UIDB\/00144\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia, I.P.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/04708\/2020","CEECINST\/00049\/2018","2021.01765.CEECIND","UIDB\/00144\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04708\/2020","CEECINST\/00049\/2018","2021.01765.CEECIND","UIDB\/00144\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Applied Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The use of SCC in Europe began in the 1990s and was mainly promoted by the precast industry. Precast companies generally prefer high early-strength concrete mixtures to accelerate their production rate, reducing the demoulding time. From a materials science point of view, self-compacting and high early-strength concrete mixes may be challenging because they present contradicting mixture design requirements. For example, a low water\/binder ratio (w\/b) is key to achieving high early strength. However, it may impact the self-compacting ability, which is very sensitive to Vw\/Vp. As such, the mixture design can be complex. The design of the experimental approach is a powerful tool for designing, predicting, and optimising advanced cement-based materials when several constituent materials are employed and multi-performance requirements are targeted. The current work aimed at fitting models to mathematically describe the flow ability, viscosity, and mechanical strength properties of high-performance self-compacting cement-based mortars based on a central composite design. The statistical fitted models revealed that Vs\/Vm exhibited the strongest (negative) effect on the slump-flow diameter and T-funnel time. Vw\/Vp showed the most significant effect on mechanical strength. Models were then used for mortar optimisation. The proposed optimal mixture represents the best compromise between self-compacting ability\u2014a flow diameter of 250 mm and funnel time equal to 10 s\u2014and compressive strength higher than 50 MPa at 24 h without any special curing treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/app13074142","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,24]],"date-time":"2023-03-24T08:43:03Z","timestamp":1679647383000},"page":"4142","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Numerical Design and Optimisation of Self-Compacting High Early-Strength Cement-Based Mortars"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Nara","family":"Cangussu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CONSTRUCT-LABEST, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1646-4665","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Mafalda","family":"Matos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CONSTRUCT-LABEST, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4166-9379","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula","family":"Milheiro-Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"CMUP, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6371-0179","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lino","family":"Maia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CONSTRUCT-LABEST, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Exact Sciences and Engineering, Campus da Penteada, University of Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101869","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2019.101869","article-title":"A conceptual framework for understanding the contribution of building materials in the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)","volume":"52","author":"Omer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sustain. 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