{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T14:11:29Z","timestamp":1764079889037,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]],"date-time":"2023-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684281600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PD\/BD\/143161\/2019","UIDB\/04708\/2020","UIDP\/04708\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PD\/BD\/143161\/2019","UIDB\/04708\/2020","UIDP\/04708\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Base Funding","award":["PD\/BD\/143161\/2019","UIDB\/04708\/2020","UIDP\/04708\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PD\/BD\/143161\/2019","UIDB\/04708\/2020","UIDP\/04708\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Programmatic Funding","award":["PD\/BD\/143161\/2019","UIDB\/04708\/2020","UIDP\/04708\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PD\/BD\/143161\/2019","UIDB\/04708\/2020","UIDP\/04708\/2020"]}]},{"name":"national funds","award":["PD\/BD\/143161\/2019","UIDB\/04708\/2020","UIDP\/04708\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PD\/BD\/143161\/2019","UIDB\/04708\/2020","UIDP\/04708\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Applied Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Railways are among the most efficient and widely used mass transportation systems for mid-range distances. To enhance the attractiveness of this type of transport, it is necessary to improve the level of comfort, which is much influenced by the vibration derived from the train motion and wheel-track interaction; thus, railway track infrastructure conditions and maintenance are a major concern. Based on discomfort levels, a methodology capable of detecting railway track infrastructure failures is proposed. During regular passenger service, acceleration and GPS measurements were taken on Alfa Pendular and Intercity trains between Porto (Campanh\u00e3) and Lisbon (Oriente) stations. ISO 2631 methodology was used to calculate instantaneous floor discomfort levels. By matching the results for both trains, using GPS coordinates, 12 track section locations were found to require preventive maintenance actions. The methodology was validated by comparing these results with those obtained by the EM 120 track inspection vehicle, for which similar locations were found. The developed system is a complementary condition-based maintenance tool that presents the advantage of being low-cost while not disturbing regular train operations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/app13106150","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]],"date-time":"2023-05-18T07:35:50Z","timestamp":1684395350000},"page":"6150","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Indirect Assessment of Railway Infrastructure Anomalies Based on Passenger Comfort Criteria"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6245-7389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia","family":"Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CONSTRUCT-LESE, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8624-9904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diogo","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CONSTRUCT-LESE, School of Engineering, Polytechnic of Porto, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Pratas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INEGI, LAETA, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4254-1879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joaquim","family":"Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INEGI, LAETA, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1728-2839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eurico","family":"Seabra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2022). 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