{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T06:45:06Z","timestamp":1764225906007,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,26]],"date-time":"2023-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693008000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FCT, National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology, Portugal","award":["PTDC\/ECI-CON\/2240\/2020","UIDB\/04625\/2020","001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/ECI-CON\/2240\/2020","UIDB\/04625\/2020","001"]}]},{"name":"FCT, National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology, Portugal","award":["PTDC\/ECI-CON\/2240\/2020","UIDB\/04625\/2020","001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/ECI-CON\/2240\/2020","UIDB\/04625\/2020","001"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior\u2014Brasil (CAPES)","award":["PTDC\/ECI-CON\/2240\/2020","UIDB\/04625\/2020","001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/ECI-CON\/2240\/2020","UIDB\/04625\/2020","001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Applied Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This work presents research concerning the numerical assessment of two previously measured temperatures due to firebrand accumulation on surfaces, which was determined in former thermal experimental campaigns. A 3D numerical model using thermal transient non-linear analysis is used to validate the thermal outputs of these two previous experimental campaigns, and therefore, corroborating the previous temperature vs. time curves created with a prescribed flux in the firebrand accumulation area. The firebrand thermal heat transfer to the plane surface is simulated using convection and radiation film conditions, in which a 3D non-linear, time-dependent finite element simulation is used. Then, the previous proposed standard firebrand accumulation curve, ISO 834, and external fire curve are numerically compared with the results from previous firebrand accumulation curves in a wood corner wall. Finally, the merit assessment of the proposed standard firebrand accumulation curve shows a visible improvement, which has low values and is in accordance with the experimental results in the temperature field distribution of firebrand accumulation onto a contact surface. It is fair to argue that it constitutes a point to search for an efficient design for structures at elevated temperatures due to firebrand accumulation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/app13179657","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]],"date-time":"2023-08-28T06:57:35Z","timestamp":1693205855000},"page":"9657","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Numerical Assessment of Standard Firebrand Accumulation Curve When Transferring Temperature to Contact Surfaces"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0683-3252","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio Renato","family":"Bicelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Civil Engineering Research and Innovation for Sustainability (CERIS), Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Cantor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Civil Engineering Research and Innovation for Sustainability (CERIS), Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4140-2204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00e1rio Rui","family":"Arruda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Civil Engineering Research and Innovation for Sustainability (CERIS), Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2009-4641","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Tiago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Civil Engineering Research and Innovation for Sustainability (CERIS), Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9770-2329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ellon","family":"Bernardes de Assis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escola de Engenharia de S\u00e3o Carlos da Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo (EESC-USP), Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Carlos 13566-590, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Branco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Ambiente (DECivil), Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1007\/s10694-016-0589-z","article-title":"Review of Pathways for Building Fire Spread in the Wildland Urban Interface Part I: Exposure Conditions","volume":"53","author":"Caton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Fire Technol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1007\/s10694-016-0601-7","article-title":"A Review of Pathways for Building Fire Spread in the Wildland Urban Interface Part II: Response of Components and Systems and Mitigation Strategies in the United States","volume":"53","author":"Hakes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Fire Technol."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Firefighter, W. 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