{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T02:26:05Z","timestamp":1778034365486,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,21]],"date-time":"2023-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695254400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","award":["UID\/EMS\/00285\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/EMS\/00285\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","award":["UIDB\/00102\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00102\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","award":["LA\/P\/0112\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0112\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","award":["821096"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["821096"]}]},{"name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","award":["2022.13542.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022.13542.BD"]}]},{"name":"Project ERA-MIN-2019_67-Reviving","award":["UID\/EMS\/00285\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/EMS\/00285\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Project ERA-MIN-2019_67-Reviving","award":["UIDB\/00102\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00102\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Project ERA-MIN-2019_67-Reviving","award":["LA\/P\/0112\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0112\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Project ERA-MIN-2019_67-Reviving","award":["821096"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["821096"]}]},{"name":"Project ERA-MIN-2019_67-Reviving","award":["2022.13542.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022.13542.BD"]}]},{"name":"BIORECOVER Horizon2020","award":["UID\/EMS\/00285\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/EMS\/00285\/2020"]}]},{"name":"BIORECOVER Horizon2020","award":["UIDB\/00102\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00102\/2020"]}]},{"name":"BIORECOVER Horizon2020","award":["LA\/P\/0112\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0112\/2020"]}]},{"name":"BIORECOVER Horizon2020","award":["821096"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["821096"]}]},{"name":"BIORECOVER Horizon2020","award":["2022.13542.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022.13542.BD"]}]},{"name":"Horizon 2020","award":["UID\/EMS\/00285\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/EMS\/00285\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Horizon 2020","award":["UIDB\/00102\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00102\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Horizon 2020","award":["LA\/P\/0112\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0112\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Horizon 2020","award":["821096"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["821096"]}]},{"name":"Horizon 2020","award":["2022.13542.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022.13542.BD"]}]},{"name":"FCT\/MCTES","award":["UID\/EMS\/00285\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/EMS\/00285\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT\/MCTES","award":["UIDB\/00102\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00102\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT\/MCTES","award":["LA\/P\/0112\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0112\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT\/MCTES","award":["821096"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["821096"]}]},{"name":"FCT\/MCTES","award":["2022.13542.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022.13542.BD"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Applied Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Traditional soil stabilization methods are usually associated with high energy consumption, carbon emissions, and long-term environmental impact. Recent developments have shown the potential use of bio-based techniques as eco-friendly alternatives for soil stabilization. The present work studies the effects of the addition of the biopolymers xanthan gum (XG) or carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) to a mine residue soil, combined or not with biostimulation and bioaugmentation techniques, in terms of compressive stress\u2013strain behavior. Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests were performed on previously disturbed samples (two cycles of percolation, extraction and homogenization) to evaluate if the biostimulation and bioremediation remain active in a real adverse scenario. The results allowed for us to conclude that both biopolymers, when applied individually (with a content of 1%), are effective stabilizers (CMC allows for unconfined compressive strength increases of up to 109%), showing better results for CMC than Portland cement. The biostimulation of the autochthonous community of the mine residue soil was revealed to be a non-effective technique, even when combined with the biopolymers. However, good results were observed when the bioaugmentation was combined with xanthan gum, with unconfined compressive strength improvements of up to 27%. The study revealed that these bio-based techniques are promising soil engineering techniques, offering environmentally friendly alternatives for sustainable soil stabilization and contributing to a greener and more sustainable future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/app131810550","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,21]],"date-time":"2023-09-21T21:08:36Z","timestamp":1695330516000},"page":"10550","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Enhancing the Strength of Mine Residue Soil by Bioremediation Combined with Biopolymers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3260-8729","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ant\u00f3nio A. S.","family":"Correia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Coimbra, CIEPQPF\u2014Chemical Process Engineering and Forest Products Research Centre, Department of Civil Engineering, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4517-3488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joana B.","family":"Caldeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Coimbra, CEMMPRE\u2014Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes, ARISE, Department of Life Sciences, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Branco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Coimbra, CEMMPRE, ARISE, Department of Life Sciences, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Paula V.","family":"Morais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Coimbra, CEMMPRE, ARISE, Department of Life Sciences, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1680\/jgeen.17.00011","article-title":"Strength assessment of chemically stabilised soft soils","volume":"172","author":"Correia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. 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