{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T15:11:03Z","timestamp":1777043463311,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,4]],"date-time":"2023-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701648000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/00151\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00151\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/50008\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50008\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Applied Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In recent years, radio-frequency identification (RFID) has aroused significant interest from industry and academia. This demand comes from the technology\u2019s evolution, marked by a reduction in size, cost, and enhanced efficiency, making it increasingly accessible for diverse applications. This manuscript presents a case study of the implementation of an RFID traceability system in the packaging section of an industrial company that produces test equipment for the automotive wiring industries. The study presents the proposal and execution of a prototype asset-tracking system utilising RFID technology, designed to be adaptable and beneficial for various industrial settings. The experiments were carried out within the company\u2019s shop-floor environment, alongside the existing barcode system, with the primary objective of evaluating and comparing the proposed solution. The test results demonstrate a significant enhancement in production efficiency, with substantial optimization achieved. The time required for asset identification and tracking was significantly reduced, resulting in an average time of approximately 43.62 s and an approximate 3.627% improvement in the time required to read the test sample of assets when compared to the barcode system. This successful implementation highlights the potential of RFID technology in improving operations, reducing working time, and enhancing traceability within industrial production processes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/app132312943","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,4]],"date-time":"2023-12-04T03:40:58Z","timestamp":1701661258000},"page":"12943","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Radio-Frequency Identification Traceability System Implementation in the Packaging Section of an Industrial Company"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2139-1914","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hermenegildo","family":"Gomes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electromechanical Engineering, University of Beira Interior, Rua Marqu\u00eas d\u2019\u00c1vila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-6631-064X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"Navio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dinefer\u2014Engineering and Industrial Systems, ALE, R. e 45, 6000-459 Castelo Branco, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1691-1709","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro D.","family":"Gaspar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electromechanical Engineering, University of Beira Interior, Rua Marqu\u00eas d\u2019\u00c1vila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"},{"name":"C-MAST\u2014Center for Mechanical and Aerospace Science and Technologies, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8057-5474","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vasco N. G. J.","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, University of Beira Interior, Rua Marqu\u00eas d\u2019\u00c1vila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"},{"name":"Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, Av. Pedro \u00c1lvares Cabral n\u00b0 12, 6000-084 Castelo Branco, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5830-3790","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o M. L. P.","family":"Caldeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, University of Beira Interior, Rua Marqu\u00eas d\u2019\u00c1vila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"},{"name":"Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, Av. Pedro \u00c1lvares Cabral n\u00b0 12, 6000-084 Castelo Branco, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2022.01.340","article-title":"An Industry 4.0 conceptual model proposal for cable harness testing equipment industry","volume":"200","author":"Rosa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Procedia Comput. Sci."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.2018.2882838","article-title":"Data-driven analysis for RFID-enabled smart factory: A case study","volume":"50","author":"Feng","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Syst."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Frank\u00f3, A., Vida, G., and Varga, P. (2020). Reliable identification schemes for asset and production tracking in industry 4.0. Sensors, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/s20133709"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.measurement.2022.111197","article-title":"RFID technology and its diverse applications: A brief exposition with a proposed Machine Learning approach","volume":"195","author":"Suresh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Measurement"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fortuna, G., and Gaspar, P.D. (2022). Implementation of industrial traceability systems: A case study of a luxury metal pieces manufacturing company. Processes, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/pr10112444"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"100229","article-title":"Review of RFID and IoT integration in supply chain management","volume":"9","author":"Tan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Oper. Res. Perspect."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Vickerman, R. (2021). International Encyclopedia of Transportation, Elsevier."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1818408","DOI":"10.1080\/23311975.2020.1818408","article-title":"A systematic literature review on the benefit drivers of RFID implementation in supply chains and its impact on organizational competitive advantage","volume":"7","author":"Chanchaichujit","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cogent Bus. Manag."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procir.2021.11.166","article-title":"Potentials of traceability systems\u2014A cross-industry perspective","volume":"104","author":"Gartner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Procedia CIRP"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Menanno, M., Savino, M.M., and Accorsi, R. (2023). Digitalization of Fresh Chestnut Fruit Supply Chain through RFID: Evidence, Benefits and Managerial Implications. Appl. Sci., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/app13085086"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmsy.2023.05.014","article-title":"A methodology for production analysis based on the RFID-collected manufacturing big data","volume":"68","author":"Kang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Manuf. Syst."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fufo.2022.100198","article-title":"RFID-based sensing in smart packaging for food applications: A review","volume":"6","author":"Zuo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Future Foods"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107016","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2019.107016","article-title":"Improving efficiency of RFID-based traceability system for perishable food by utilizing IoT sensors and machine learning model","volume":"110","author":"Alfian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"100084","article-title":"Enhancing supply chain performance using RFID technology and decision support systems in the industry 4.0\u2014A systematic literature review","volume":"2","author":"Unhelkar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Inf. Manag. Data Insights"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cirpj.2021.10.006","article-title":"A novel inertial positioning update method, using passive RFID tags, for indoor asset localisation","volume":"35","author":"Hayward","year":"2021","journal-title":"CIRP J. Manuf. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.promfg.2019.03.060","article-title":"Integration and testing of the RFID-enabled Smart Factory concept within the Learning Factory","volume":"31","author":"Mladineo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Procedia Manuf."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1582","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2022.01.359","article-title":"The evolution of RFID technology in the logistics field: A review","volume":"200","author":"Casella","year":"2022","journal-title":"Procedia Comput. Sci."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cirpj.2020.07.002","article-title":"The potential of industry 4.0 Cyber Physical System to improve quality assurance: An automotive case study for wash monitoring of returnable transit items","volume":"32","author":"Neal","year":"2021","journal-title":"CIRP J. Manuf. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, C., Chen, X., Soliman, A.H.A., and Zhu, Z.X. (2018). RFID Based Manufacturing Process of Cloud MES. Future Internet, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/fi10110104"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1007\/s10845-021-01840-w","article-title":"Towards industry 4.0 in practice: A novel RFID-based intelligent system for monitoring and optimisation of production systems","volume":"34","author":"Pacheco","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Intell. Manuf."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alfian, G., Octava, M.Q.H., Hilmy, F.M., Nurhaliza, R.A., Saputra, Y.M., Putri, D.G.P., Syahrian, F., Fitriyani, N.L., Atmaji, F.T.D., and Farooq, U. (2023). Customer Shopping Behavior Analysis Using RFID and Machine Learning Models. Information, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/info14100551"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alfian, G., Syafrudin, M., Fitriyani, N.L., Alam, S., Pratomo, D.N., Subekti, L., Octava, M.Q.H., Yulianingsih, N.D., Atmaji, F.T.D., and Benes, F. (2023). Utilizing Random Forest with iForest-Based Outlier Detection and SMOTE to Detect Movement and Direction of RFID Tags. Future Internet, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/fi15030103"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kang, Y.S., Kim, H., and Lee, Y.H. (2018). Implementation of an RFID-Based Sequencing-Error-Proofing System for Automotive Manufacturing Logistics. Appl. Sci., 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/app8010109"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1109\/JRFID.2018.2845669","article-title":"Read Range\/Rate Improvement of an LF RFID-Based Tracking System","volume":"2","author":"Jebali","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE J. Radio Freq. Identif."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1109\/JRFID.2022.3233855","article-title":"The Principle, Methods and Recent Progress in RFID Positioning Techniques: A Review","volume":"7","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE J. Radio Freq. Identif."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2022.108108","article-title":"Omnichannel fulfilment and item-level RFID tracking in fashion retailing","volume":"168","author":"Ovezmyradov","year":"2022","journal-title":"Comput. Ind. Eng."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100066","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prime.2022.100066","article-title":"A new structure of a miniature and flexible printed UHF RFID TAG","volume":"2","author":"Ahmar","year":"2022","journal-title":"e-Prime\u2013Adv. Electr. Eng. Electron. Energy"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2019.12.035","article-title":"Intelligent manufacturing production line data monitoring system for industrial internet of things","volume":"151","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Comput. Commun."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2021.01.080","article-title":"Data Transmission Using RFID System on Smart Shopping Carts for Checkout Process Efficiency in Supermarket at Indonesia","volume":"179","author":"Martinus","year":"2021","journal-title":"Procedia Comput. Sci."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trpro.2021.09.072","article-title":"Application of the RFID technology in logistics","volume":"57","author":"Popova","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Procedia"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.promfg.2020.10.076","article-title":"RFID in manufacturing: An implementation case in the SEPT learning factory","volume":"51","author":"Centea","year":"2020","journal-title":"Procedia Manuf."},{"key":"ref_32","unstructured":"Nordic ID Group (2023, November 10). Nordic ID FR22 User Guide. Salo, Finland. Available online: https:\/\/www.nordicid.com\/nordic-id-fr22-user-guide-1v1-1\/."},{"key":"ref_33","unstructured":"Nordic ID Group (2023, November 10). Nordic ID FR22 Datasheet. Salo, Finland. Available online: https:\/\/brady.widen.net\/s\/lmzlbvrxpm\/nordic_id_fr22_product_family_infosheet_europe_english."}],"container-title":["Applied Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3417\/13\/23\/12943\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T21:37:19Z","timestamp":1760132239000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3417\/13\/23\/12943"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,4]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"23","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["app132312943"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/app132312943","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-3417"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-3417","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,4]]}}}