{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T21:58:02Z","timestamp":1774907882451,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]],"date-time":"2024-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706659200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"EU Next Generation Funds","award":["PR-H2CVAL4-C1-2022-0049"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PR-H2CVAL4-C1-2022-0049"]}]},{"name":"EU Next Generation Funds","award":["UIDB\/00195\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00195\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","award":["PR-H2CVAL4-C1-2022-0049"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PR-H2CVAL4-C1-2022-0049"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","award":["UIDB\/00195\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00195\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Applied Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Photo-fermentation is an efficient hydrogen production pathway in which purple non-sulfur bacteria (PNSB) play an active role and produce hydrogen as a part of their metabolism under optimal conditions. These bacteria work under the influence of light to advance their metabolism and use various substrates, such as simple sugars and volatile fatty acids, to produce hydrogen. This article presents a comparative review of several bacterial strains that have been efficiently used to produce hydrogen by photo-fermentation under different optimized conditions, including the substrate, its concentration, type and capacity of the bioreactor, light sources and intensities, and process conditions to achieve the maximum biohydrogen production rate. The analysis showed that the Rhodopseudomonas palustris is the main bacterium used for hydrogen production, with a maximum hydrogen production rate of 3.2 mM\/h using 27.8 mM of glucose in a 165 mL serum bottle and 3.23 mM\/h using 50 mM of glycerol at pH 7, followed by Rhodobacter sphaeroides, which gave a hydrogen production rate as high as 8.7 mM\/h, using 40 mM of lactic acid, pH 7, and 30 \u00b0C temperature in a single-walled glass bioreactor. However, it is not preferred over R. palustris due to its versatile metabolism and ability to use an alternative mode if the conditions are not carefully adjusted, which can be a problem in hydrogen production.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/app14031191","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]],"date-time":"2024-01-31T08:44:06Z","timestamp":1706690646000},"page":"1191","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":83,"title":["Photo-Fermentative Bacteria Used for Hydrogen Production"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3037-8851","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soumya","family":"Gupta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"FibEnTech, Department of Chemistry, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Farmacolog\u00eda, Fisiolog\u00eda y Medicina Legal y Forense, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica Anal\u00edtica, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n en Ingenier\u00eda de Arag\u00f3n (I3A), Escuela de Ingenier\u00eda y Arquitectura (EINA), Universidad de Zaragoza, Mar\u00eda de Luna 3 (Edificio Torres Quevedo), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9007-5342","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annabel","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FibEnTech, Department of Chemistry, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4545-5784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FibEnTech, Department of Chemistry, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5306-9365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Grasa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Farmacolog\u00eda, Fisiolog\u00eda y Medicina Legal y Forense, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6607-1309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jes\u00fas","family":"Salafranca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica Anal\u00edtica, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n en Ingenier\u00eda de Arag\u00f3n (I3A), Escuela de Ingenier\u00eda y Arquitectura (EINA), Universidad de Zaragoza, Mar\u00eda de Luna 3 (Edificio Torres Quevedo), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"578","article-title":"Hydrogen gas generation of metal-activated carbon for fuel cells","volume":"13","author":"Oh","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. 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