{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T21:46:49Z","timestamp":1777412809773,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]],"date-time":"2024-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706659200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FEDER funds","award":["LISBOA-01-0247-FEDER-039985\/POCI-01-0247-FEDER-039985"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LISBOA-01-0247-FEDER-039985\/POCI-01-0247-FEDER-039985"]}]},{"name":"FEDER funds","award":["LA\/P\/0037\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0037\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FEDER funds","award":["UIDP\/50025\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/50025\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FEDER funds","award":["UIDB\/50025\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50025\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Applied Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Electrophoretic deposition is a straightforward, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective technique for depositing and synthesizing nanomaterials, particularly nanofilms of semiconductors. Key parameters in electrophoresis include deposition time and voltage. Zinc oxide, a semiconductor of significant interest in solar energy research, possesses favorable characteristics, notably, a band gap value of approximately 3.33 eV. In the realm of dye-sensitized solar cells, which represent the third generation of solar cells, zinc oxide has emerged as a compelling choice for a photoanode. This study focused on depositing thin films of zinc oxide through electrophoresis and applying them as photoanodes in dye solar cells. The results demonstrated that the electrodeposited films exhibited good reflectance in the visible spectrum (~60\u201390%), a band gap energy of 3.28 eV, and an incident photon conversion efficiency of approximately 4.48% for the electrodeposited film at 80 V for 5 min.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/app14031202","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]],"date-time":"2024-01-31T09:41:59Z","timestamp":1706694119000},"page":"1202","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Effect of Time and Voltage on the Electrophoresis Deposition of Zinc Oxide Thin Films for Photovoltaic Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2458-5616","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vanja Fontenele","family":"Nunes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science and Engineering Materials, Federal University of Cear\u00e1, Fortaleza 60440-554, Cear\u00e1, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6858-9507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel Pedro Fernandes","family":"Gra\u00e7a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"I3N and Physics Department, Aveiro University, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9007-2221","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Imen","family":"Hammami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"I3N and Physics Department, Aveiro University, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana Fab\u00edola Leite","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Cear\u00e1, Fortaleza 60455-760, Cear\u00e1, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Francisco Nivaldo Aguiar","family":"Freire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science and Engineering Materials, Federal University of Cear\u00e1, Fortaleza 60440-554, Cear\u00e1, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Cear\u00e1, Fortaleza 60455-760, Cear\u00e1, Brazil"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1016\/j.solener.2020.05.002","article-title":"Synthesis of Improved Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell for Renewable Energy Power Generation","volume":"206","author":"Ikpesu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sol. 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