{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:03:14Z","timestamp":1760144594851,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,4]],"date-time":"2024-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714780800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"Project OPERATOR","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NORTE01-0247-FEDER-045910","SFRH\/BD\/151375\/2021","RT\/BD\/152843\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE01-0247-FEDER-045910","SFRH\/BD\/151375\/2021","RT\/BD\/152843\/2021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"ERDF\u2014European Regional Development Fund","award":["NORTE01-0247-FEDER-045910","SFRH\/BD\/151375\/2021","RT\/BD\/152843\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE01-0247-FEDER-045910","SFRH\/BD\/151375\/2021","RT\/BD\/152843\/2021"]}]},{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","award":["NORTE01-0247-FEDER-045910","SFRH\/BD\/151375\/2021","RT\/BD\/152843\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE01-0247-FEDER-045910","SFRH\/BD\/151375\/2021","RT\/BD\/152843\/2021"]}]},{"name":"State Budget","award":["NORTE01-0247-FEDER-045910","SFRH\/BD\/151375\/2021","RT\/BD\/152843\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE01-0247-FEDER-045910","SFRH\/BD\/151375\/2021","RT\/BD\/152843\/2021"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Applied Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Repetitive tasks can lead to long-term cardiovascular problems due to continuous strain and inadequate recovery. The automobile operators on the assembly line are exposed to these risks when workload volume changes according to the workstation type. However, the current ergonomic assessments focus primarily on observational and, in some cases, biomechanical methods that are subjective and time-consuming, overlooking cardiorespiratory adaptations. This study aimed to analyze the cardiorespiratory response to distinct workload volumes and ergonomic risk (ER) scores for an automotive assembly line. Sixteen male operators (age = 38 \u00b1 8 years; BMI = 25 \u00b1 3 kg\u00b7m2) volunteered from three workstations (H1, H2, and H3) with specific work cycle duration (1, 3, and 5 min respectively). Electrocardiogram (ECG), respiratory inductance plethysmography (RIP), and accelerometer (ACC) data were collected during their shift. The results showed significant differences from the first to the last 10 min, where H3 had its SDRRi reduced (p = 0.014), H1\u2019s phase synchrony and H2\u2019s coordination between thoracic and abdominal movements decreased (p &lt; 0.001, p = 0.039). In terms of ergonomic risk, the moderate-high rank showed a reduction in SDRRi (p = 0.037) and moderate-risk activities had diminished phase synchrony (p = 0.018) and correlation (p = 0.004). Thus, the explored parameters could have the potential to develop personalized workplace adaptation and risk assessment systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/app14093921","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,6]],"date-time":"2024-05-06T15:05:01Z","timestamp":1715007901000},"page":"3921","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Cardiorespiratory Response to Workload Volume and Ergonomic Risk: Automotive Assembly Line Operators\u2019 Adaptations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7139-8665","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dania","family":"Furk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Instrumentation, Biomedical Engineering and Radiation Physics (LIBPhys-UNL), Physics Department, Faculty of Sciences and Technology of the NOVA University of Lisbon (FCT-NOVA), 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9811-0571","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Instrumentation, Biomedical Engineering and Radiation Physics (LIBPhys-UNL), Physics Department, Faculty of Sciences and Technology of the NOVA University of Lisbon (FCT-NOVA), 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0172-4559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariana","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Instrumentation, Biomedical Engineering and Radiation Physics (LIBPhys-UNL), Physics Department, Faculty of Sciences and Technology of the NOVA University of Lisbon (FCT-NOVA), 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1433-5712","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Fuj\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Industrial Engineering Production System (Ergonomics Team), Volkswagen Autoeuropa, Quinta do Anjo, 2954-024 Palmela, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3239-9813","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Phillip","family":"Probst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Instrumentation, Biomedical Engineering and Radiation Physics (LIBPhys-UNL), Physics Department, Faculty of Sciences and Technology of the NOVA University of Lisbon (FCT-NOVA), 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6850-9570","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hui","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cognitive Systems Lab, University of Bremen, Bibliothekstra\u00dfe 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4022-7424","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hugo","family":"Gamboa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Instrumentation, Biomedical Engineering and Radiation Physics (LIBPhys-UNL), Physics Department, Faculty of Sciences and Technology of the NOVA University of Lisbon (FCT-NOVA), 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2023, October 01). 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