{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T02:53:23Z","timestamp":1768272803440,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]],"date-time":"2024-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715299200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"CiiEM Investiga 2019 Shining Spectroscopic Smile","award":["El19\/12"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["El19\/12"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Applied Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim was to evaluate the effect of different whitening toothpastes on the enamel surface roughness and color variation. Twenty-four molars were sectioned and divided into eight groups (n = 3) considering the following two factors under study: toothpaste type (Colgate\u00ae Total Original, Oral B\u00ae 3D White Luxe Perfection, Curaprox\u00ae Black is White, and Signal\u00ae White Now) and brushing protocol (short- and long-term). Surface roughness was examined by atomic force microscopy (AFM), and color change (\u0394E) was measured using the CIE L*a*b* system. Data were statistically analyzed using comparative parametric tests at a 5% significance level. In the short-term protocol, only the Signal\u00ae White Now toothpaste increased surface roughness (p = 0.038) compared to the Colgate\u00ae Total Original group. No significant differences (p &gt; 0.05) were observed in surface roughness in the long-term protocol. Regarding color variation, no statistically significant differences (p &gt; 0.05) were observed in either protocol. Overall, the whitening toothpastes did not affect enamel surface roughness or color, except for Signal\u00ae White Now, which caused increased roughness in the short-term protocol. However, all toothpastes induced a visual change in color.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/app14104053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]],"date-time":"2024-05-10T05:25:47Z","timestamp":1715318747000},"page":"4053","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["In Vitro Evaluation of Surface Roughness and Color Variation after Two Brushing Protocols with Toothpastes Containing Different Whitening Technologies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-2666-6246","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angel","family":"Lobito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1446-0036","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catarina","family":"Cola\u00e7o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1810-8776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joana","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0976-2111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge","family":"Caldeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal"},{"name":"LAQV Requimte, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologias, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Almada, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8482-5936","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Proen\u00e7a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0167-4077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Jo\u00e3o","family":"Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103564","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103564","article-title":"Impact of Tooth Bleaching on Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in Adults: A Triple-Blind Randomised Clinical Trial","volume":"105","author":"Goettems","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. 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