{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T17:52:37Z","timestamp":1774288357323,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,6]],"date-time":"2024-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717632000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology\u2019s (\u201cFunda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia\u201d, FCT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/04625\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04625\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology\u2019s (\u201cFunda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia\u201d, FCT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/50022\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50022\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Applied Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper concerns the Eurocode 3 Part 1-3 (EN 1993-1-3) methods for calculating the distortional buckling (bifurcation) load of cold-formed steel-lipped channels subjected to axial force, major and minor axis bending. More specifically, the paper presents the results of a parametric study that assesses the accuracy of the simplified method in EN 1993-1-3, which relies on direct\/iterative hand calculations and an approximate mechanical model, through comparison with \u201cexact\u201d numerical results, obtained using semi-analytical linearized buckling analyses based on Generalized Beam Theory, which are also allowed by the code. Isoline error maps are presented for a wide range of geometric and material parameters, covering common commercial profiles and corresponding to a dataset of more than 24,000 cases. These maps make it possible to identify the parameter ranges leading to an acceptable error and, even though they strongly depend on the loading, general remarks concerning the expected error pertaining to the simplified method are drawn.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/app14114924","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,6]],"date-time":"2024-06-06T03:44:35Z","timestamp":1717645475000},"page":"4924","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["An Assessment of the Eurocode 3 Simplified Formulas for Distortional Buckling of Cold-Formed Steel Lipped Channels"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9801-1220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9 Dias","family":"Martins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IDMEC (Institute of Mechanical Engineering), Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, University of Lisbon, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6189-1570","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuno","family":"Peres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, Universidade Lus\u00f3fona, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"CERIS, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, University of Lisbon, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Jacinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CERIS and Departamento de Engenharia Civil, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ziemian, R. (2010). Guide to Stability Design Criteria for Metal Structures, Wiley.","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470549087"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dubina, D., Ungureanu, V., and Landolfo, R. (2012). Design of Cold-Formed Steel Structures: Eurocode 3: Design of Steel Structures. Part 1-3 Design of Cold-Formed Steel Structures, Wiley.","DOI":"10.1002\/9783433602256"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-9445(1987)113:5(1063)","article-title":"Distortional Buckling Formulas for Channel Columns","volume":"113","author":"Lau","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Struct. Eng."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Buhagiar, D., Chapman, J., and Dowling, P. (1992, January 20\u201321). Design of C-sections against deformational lip buckling. 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ECCS TC7 TWG 7.5: Pratical Improvement of Design Procedures, European Convention for Constructional Steelwork."}],"container-title":["Applied Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3417\/14\/11\/4924\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T14:54:28Z","timestamp":1760108068000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3417\/14\/11\/4924"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,6]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]}},"alternative-id":["app14114924"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/app14114924","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-3417"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-3417","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,6]]}}}