{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:21:19Z","timestamp":1760145679163,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,27]],"date-time":"2024-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724716800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Applied Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This research is focused on the water usage patterns in two student residences\u2014one for male students (Residence I) and the other for female students (Residence II). Surveys and measurements of flushing cisterns, taps, and shower flows were conducted to understand water use behaviors. Scenario 1 proposed replacing washbasin and kitchen taps and installing flow reducers in showers, while Scenario 2 combined Scenario 1 with a rainwater harvesting system for recharging flush cisterns. Showers were found to be the most water-consuming devices, accounting for 46% and 61.41% of water consumption in Residences I and II, respectively, followed by kitchen taps (31.51% in Residence I and 11.52% in Residence II). The flushing cistern consumption was 7.02% in Residence I and 13.22% in Residence II. The implementation of Scenario 1 anticipates a 13% reduction in total water consumption in Residence I and a 10% reduction in Residence II. The reduction in hot water consumption would result in a decrease in annual electricity consumption by 27.8% and 23.06% in Residence I and II, respectively. With the implementation of Scenario 2, the total potential water savings for Residence I could increase to 19.98%, and for Residence II, it could rise to 23.17%. The proposed measures aim to enhance water sustainability in these buildings and can be replicated elsewhere.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/app14177559","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,27]],"date-time":"2024-08-27T06:19:01Z","timestamp":1724739541000},"page":"7559","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Towards Sustainable Water Use in Two University Student Residences: A Case Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4966-2227","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana M.","family":"Ant\u00e3o-Geraldes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regi\u00f5es de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Gabriel","family":"Ohara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Campus Campo Mour\u00e3o, Universidade Tecnol\u00f3gica Federal do Paran\u00e1, Campo Mour\u00e3o 87301-899, PR, Brazil"},{"name":"ESTiG, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Maria Jo\u00e3o","family":"Afonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ESTiG, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7099-0685","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Albuquerque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"},{"name":"GeoBioTec, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"},{"name":"FibEnTech, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6701-7390","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Flora","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ESTiG, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"GeoBioTec, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09440","article-title":"Global Threats to Human Water Security and River Biodiversity","volume":"467","author":"McIntyre","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-14532-5","article-title":"Pollution Exacerbates China\u2019s Water Scarcity and Its Regional Inequality","volume":"11","author":"Ma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. 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