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However, there is still no optimal solution for this biomedical field; hence, the investigation remains open. In this work, the effect of a nonmetallic doping element (N) on sputter-deposited a-C:H coatings was studied concerning both salivary corrosion and cytotoxicity behavior. After a 30-day corrosion test in an acidic modified Fusayama-Meyer artificial saliva, metal release from both coated and uncoated 316L stainless steel (SS) substrates was quantified. Tests on the corrosion extracts were then performed by using monocultures of macrophages and fibroblasts, and their coculture; and cell viability was evaluated via the MTT test. Results show an overall inhibition of the SS corrosion, which enhanced the in vitro biocompatibility with a minimal effect on the coatings\u2019 microstructure. Among all the coatings tested, the undoped a-C:H coating performed the best, whereas an increase in N doping led to poorer protection against metal dissolution and a subsequent slightly lower biocompatibility. The findings corroborate that selecting the nonmetallic element N for doping C-based coatings is not a good choice for this biomedical field, even at low contents up to 10 at.%.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/app142210500","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]],"date-time":"2024-11-14T08:06:32Z","timestamp":1731571592000},"page":"10500","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Metal Release and Cell Viability of 316L Stainless Steel Sputter-Coated with N-Doped a-C:H Coatings"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5251-5506","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Fr\u00f3is","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, CEMMPRE, ARISE, University of Coimbra, Rua Luis Reis Santos, 3030-177 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Biophysics Institute, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research\/Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (iCBR\/cibb), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Center for Research in Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o Ricardo","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Biophysics Institute, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research\/Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (iCBR\/cibb), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0986-9880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Qu\u00edmica Estrutural, Departamento de Engenharia Qu\u00edmica, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico (IST), University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6774-8492","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Peres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IPFN, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico (IST), Campus Tecnol\u00f3gico e Nuclear, Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066 Bobadela, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores-Microsistemas e Nanotecnologia (INESC-MN), Rua Alves Redol 9, 1000-029 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"DECN, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, University of Lisbon, 2695-066 Bobadela, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5546-6922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katharina","family":"Lorenz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IPFN, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico (IST), Campus Tecnol\u00f3gico e Nuclear, Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066 Bobadela, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores-Microsistemas e Nanotecnologia (INESC-MN), Rua Alves Redol 9, 1000-029 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"DECN, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, University of Lisbon, 2695-066 Bobadela, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8142-0650","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina Santos","family":"Louro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, CEMMPRE, ARISE, University of Coimbra, Rua Luis Reis Santos, 3030-177 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana Cristina","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, CEMMPRE, ARISE, University of Coimbra, Rua Luis Reis Santos, 3030-177 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Biophysics Institute, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research\/Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (iCBR\/cibb), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Center for Research in Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hiromoto, S. 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