{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T03:16:32Z","timestamp":1772680592282,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]],"date-time":"2025-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741737600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021.06653.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021.06653.BD"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Applied Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Coordination refers to the relationship between elements. Likewise, in partner-assisted flight, gymnasts synchronize their movements to optimize performance. This work investigates the individual contribution of each gymnast for a paired task and the influence of pair experience on spatial-temporal variables and interpersonal coordination. Twelve national and international-level pairs performed ten vertical throws in laboratory settings. Data were collected using a motion capture system and processed using Theia Markerless software, v2023.1.0.3160.p14. Pairs were categorized by pair experience. Top gymnast motion was analyzed using global (GCS) and local coordinate systems (LCS), and spatial-temporal and cross-correlation variables were compared between experience levels. The results showed that the top gymnasts\u2019 GCS exhibited the largest amplitudes, while the base and the top\u2019s LCS demonstrated the smallest. More experienced pairs displayed a shorter downward motion (p &lt; 0.001, Effect Size (ES) = 0.67) longer upward motion (p = 0.04, ES = 0.37), smaller time delays in position (p = 0.03, ES = 0.39), and longer time delays in velocity (p = 0.01, ES = 0.47). These findings suggest that top gymnasts\u2019 motion is largely driven by the bases, and pair experience develops anticipation of the partner\u2019s motion and task-specific adaptations. Increased partner training time appears crucial for improving interpersonal coordination.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/app15063085","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]],"date-time":"2025-03-12T10:45:06Z","timestamp":1741776306000},"page":"3085","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Role Contribution and Interpersonal Coordination in Partner-Assisted Flight According to Pair Experience"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2425-2504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isaura","family":"Leite","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Porto Biomechanics Laboratory (LABIOMEP), 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4426-6682","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis Arturo","family":"G\u00f3mez-Landero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Performance & Sports Research Center, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Seville, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4885-4924","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Porto Biomechanics Laboratory (LABIOMEP), 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0289-4613","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lurdes","family":"\u00c1vila-Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4109-2939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o Paulo","family":"Vilas-Boas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Porto Biomechanics Laboratory (LABIOMEP), 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"M\u00e1rcio","family":"Goethel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Porto Biomechanics Laboratory (LABIOMEP), 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7550-2537","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis","family":"Mochizuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 03828-000, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1636-2685","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filipe","family":"Concei\u00e7\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Porto Biomechanics Laboratory (LABIOMEP), 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Pozzo, T., and Studeny, C. 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