{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T14:15:29Z","timestamp":1774966529815,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]],"date-time":"2025-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747008000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Applied Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This research determines how to integrate factors related to evacuation in emergency preparedness using techniques for Multicriteria Decision-Making (MCDM). A distinctive MCDM technique that incorporates human behavior into evacuation models enhances decision-making and safety during emergencies, especially in vulnerable populations. For this purpose, a hybrid combination of MCDM methods\u2014CRiteria Importance Through Intercriteria Correlation (CRITIC), Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), and Weighted Aggregated Sum Product Assessment (WASPAS)\u2014is used to rank the vulnerability of Chilean regions by considering various factors. First, the related factors are ranked by CRITIC, and the result is that the \u201cpsychosocial problem\u201d factor has the highest priority and weight. Then, according to the hybrid methods and CRITIC, all regions of Chile are ranked first with TOPSIS, WASPAS, and a combination of them to determine which one has the highest priority. The results show that the Santiago Metropolitan Region has the highest priority for vulnerability in all three methods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/app15105420","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]],"date-time":"2025-05-12T12:18:06Z","timestamp":1747052286000},"page":"5420","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Novel MCDM Approach to Integrating Human Factors into Evacuation Models: Enhancing Emergency Preparedness for Vulnerable Populations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5733-2175","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Reyes-Norambuena","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering, Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Norte, Coquimbo 1781421, Chile"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6359-895X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"Martinez-Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Mathematics I, Telecommunications Engineering School, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2953-6688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto Adrego","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DM and LIAAD-INESC TEC, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s\/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9436-5833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amir Karbassi","family":"Yazdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda Industrial y de Sistemas, Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda, Universidad de Tarapac\u00e1, Arica 1000000, Chile"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5636-1660","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Hanne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Information Systems, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, 4600 Olten, Switzerland"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2025, May 08). 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