{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T03:36:48Z","timestamp":1777001808704,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]],"date-time":"2025-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750982400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"AGENDA GREENAUTO\u2014GREEN INNOVATION FOR THE AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY","award":["54, AAC No. 02\/C05-i01\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["54, AAC No. 02\/C05-i01\/2022"]}]},{"name":"European Funds, the Recovery and Resilience Plan (PRR)","award":["54, AAC No. 02\/C05-i01\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["54, AAC No. 02\/C05-i01\/2022"]}]},{"name":"Portuguese Republic","award":["54, AAC No. 02\/C05-i01\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["54, AAC No. 02\/C05-i01\/2022"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Applied Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper presents the development of fleet management software for mobile robots, including AGV and AMR technologies, within the scope of a case study from the GreenAuto project. The system was designed to integrate position and status data from different robots, unifying this information into a single map. To achieve this, a web-based platform was developed to allow the simultaneous, real-time visualization of all robots in operation. However, the main challenge of this research lies in the heterogeneity of the fleet, which comprises robots of different makes and models from various manufacturers, each using distinct data formats. The proposed approach addresses this by facilitating fleet monitoring and management, ensuring a greater efficiency and coordination in the robot movement. The results demonstrate that the platform improves the traceability and operational supervision, promoting the optimized management of mobile robots. It is concluded that the proposed solution contributes to industrial automation by providing an intuitive and centralized interface, enabling future expansions for new functionalities and the integration with other emerging technologies. The proposed system demonstrated efficiency in updating and supervising operations, with an average latency of 120 ms for task status updates and an interface refresh rate of less than 1 s, enabling near real-time supervision and facilitating operational decision-making.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/app15137235","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T07:42:06Z","timestamp":1751355726000},"page":"7235","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Integrated Fleet Management of Mobile Robots for Enhancing Industrial Efficiency: A Case Study on Interoperability in Multi-Brand Environments Within the Automotive Sector"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0545-9036","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Lopes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Polytechnic University of Coimbra, Rua da Miseric\u00f3rdia, Lagar dos Corti\u00e7os, S. Martinho do Bispo, 3045-093 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2275-3508","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiago","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polytechnic University of Coimbra, Rua da Miseric\u00f3rdia, Lagar dos Corti\u00e7os, S. Martinho do Bispo, 3045-093 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"ADAI\u2014Association for the Development of Industrial Aerodynamics, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Coimbra, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"GECAD\u2014Knowledge Research Group on Intelligent Engineering and Computing for Advanced Innovation and Development of the Engineering Institute of Porto, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0889-0089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polytechnic University of Coimbra, Rua da Miseric\u00f3rdia, Lagar dos Corti\u00e7os, S. Martinho do Bispo, 3045-093 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-5467-8745","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"Cunha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polytechnic University of Coimbra, Rua da Miseric\u00f3rdia, Lagar dos Corti\u00e7os, S. Martinho do Bispo, 3045-093 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9924-4759","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polytechnic University of Coimbra, Rua da Miseric\u00f3rdia, Lagar dos Corti\u00e7os, S. Martinho do Bispo, 3045-093 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Antunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polytechnic University of Coimbra, Rua da Miseric\u00f3rdia, Lagar dos Corti\u00e7os, S. Martinho do Bispo, 3045-093 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5441-4394","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victor","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polytechnic University of Coimbra, Rua da Miseric\u00f3rdia, Lagar dos Corti\u00e7os, S. Martinho do Bispo, 3045-093 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"INESC\u2014Coimbra, Institute for Systems and Computers Engineering at Coimbra, 3000-033 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9693-2966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernanda","family":"Coutinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polytechnic University of Coimbra, Rua da Miseric\u00f3rdia, Lagar dos Corti\u00e7os, S. Martinho do Bispo, 3045-093 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"RCM2+ Research Centre for Asset Management and Systems Engineering, Polytechnic University of Coimbra, Rua Pedro Nunes, 3030-199 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5672-4468","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge","family":"Barreiros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polytechnic University of Coimbra, Rua da Miseric\u00f3rdia, Lagar dos Corti\u00e7os, S. Martinho do Bispo, 3045-093 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"RCM2+ Research Centre for Asset Management and Systems Engineering, Polytechnic University of Coimbra, Rua Pedro Nunes, 3030-199 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9697-9991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Dur\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polytechnic University of Coimbra, Rua da Miseric\u00f3rdia, Lagar dos Corti\u00e7os, S. Martinho do Bispo, 3045-093 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7646-1474","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patr\u00edcia","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polytechnic University of Coimbra, Rua da Miseric\u00f3rdia, Lagar dos Corti\u00e7os, S. Martinho do Bispo, 3045-093 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"CMUC\u2014Centre for Mathematics of University of Coimbra, Department of Mathematics, University of Coimbra, 3001-454 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4983-9080","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Sim\u00f5es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polytechnic University of Coimbra, Rua da Miseric\u00f3rdia, Lagar dos Corti\u00e7os, S. Martinho do Bispo, 3045-093 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"CEMMPRE\u2014Center for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes, University of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8886-9082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polytechnic University of Coimbra, Rua da Miseric\u00f3rdia, Lagar dos Corti\u00e7os, S. Martinho do Bispo, 3045-093 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8235-3229","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisabete Dinora Caldas de","family":"Freitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polytechnic University of Coimbra, Rua da Miseric\u00f3rdia, Lagar dos Corti\u00e7os, S. Martinho do Bispo, 3045-093 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"CERNAS\u2014Research Center for Natural Resources, Environment and Society, Polytechnic University of Coimbra, Bencanta, 3045-601 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0795-0901","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o Pedro F.","family":"Trov\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polytechnic University of Coimbra, Rua da Miseric\u00f3rdia, Lagar dos Corti\u00e7os, S. Martinho do Bispo, 3045-093 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"INESC\u2014Coimbra, Institute for Systems and Computers Engineering at Coimbra, 3000-033 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0143-9421","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o P.","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polytechnic University of Coimbra, Rua da Miseric\u00f3rdia, Lagar dos Corti\u00e7os, S. 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