{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T17:49:07Z","timestamp":1771523347212,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]],"date-time":"2025-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752796800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Applied Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This in vitro study aims to compare the trueness of digital impressions obtained using two intraoral scanners (IOS) and one photogrammetry device for full-arch implant-supported rehabilitations. According to the Caram\u00eas Classification I, three models were produced with Straumann implants arranged in different spatial distributions: Option A with six implants and Options B and C with four implants each. The three models were scanned using a 12-megapixel scanner to create digital master casts. For each reference model, 30 digital impressions were acquired: 10 with the 3Shape Trios 3 intraoral scanner, 10 with the Medit i500 intraoral scanner, and 10 with the PIC Dental photogrammetry device. Trueness was assessed through best-fit superimpositions between the digital master casts and the corresponding virtual models. The Shapiro\u2013Wilk test was applied to assess the normality of the data distribution, and Levene\u2019s test was used to evaluate the homogeneity of variances. The non-parametric Kruskal\u2013Wallis test was employed to compare group differences, with post hoc adjustments made using the Bonferroni correction. A significance threshold of p = 0.05 was adopted for all statistical tests. Statistically significant differences were observed in the root mean square values among the three devices. The Medit i500 demonstrated the highest trueness, with a median (interquartile range) deviation of 24.45 (18.18) \u00b5m, whereas the PIC Dental exhibited the lowest trueness, with a median deviation of 49.45 (9.17) \u00b5m. Among the implant distribution, the Option C showed the best trueness, with a median deviation of 19.00 (27.83). Considering the results of this in vitro study, intraoral scanners demonstrated comparable trueness, whereas the photogrammetry-based system exhibited lower trueness values. Additionally, a smaller number of implants and reduced inter-implant distances were associated with improved trueness in digital impressions for full-arch implant rehabilitation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/app15148016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]],"date-time":"2025-07-18T12:09:53Z","timestamp":1752840593000},"page":"8016","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Trueness of Implant Positioning Using Intraoral Scanning and Dental Photogrammetry for Full-Arch Implant-Supported Rehabilitations: An In Vitro Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6246-8803","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o Carlos","family":"Faria","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina Dent\u00e1ria, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Manuel Pereira da Silva, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0783-2355","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Sampaio-Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina Dent\u00e1ria, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Manuel Pereira da Silva, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Susana Jo\u00e3o","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina Dent\u00e1ria, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Manuel Pereira da Silva, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9163-8585","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Malheiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina Dent\u00e1ria, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9781-6510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o Carlos","family":"Sampaio-Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina Dent\u00e1ria, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Manuel Pereira da Silva, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Ci\u00eancia e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Engenharia Mec\u00e2nica e Engenharia Industrial (INEGI), Universidade do Porto, Campus da FEUP, R. Dr. Roberto Frias 400, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8583-8096","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Helena","family":"Figueiral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina Dent\u00e1ria, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Manuel Pereira da Silva, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Ci\u00eancia e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Engenharia Mec\u00e2nica e Engenharia Industrial (INEGI), Universidade do Porto, Campus da FEUP, R. Dr. Roberto Frias 400, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.1111\/clr.12994","article-title":"Digital vs. Conventional Full-Arch Implant Impressions: A Comparative Study","volume":"28","author":"Amin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. 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