{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T10:09:33Z","timestamp":1764583773160,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,29]],"date-time":"2025-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764374400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PRECOGFIL-PTDC\/EMD-EMD\/2229\/2020","LA\/P\/0079\/2020","Em-prego Cient\u00edfico 2021.00077.CEECIND"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRECOGFIL-PTDC\/EMD-EMD\/2229\/2020","LA\/P\/0079\/2020","Em-prego Cient\u00edfico 2021.00077.CEECIND"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT PhD","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023.00640.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023.00640.BD"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Applied Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) motivates the development of temporary, biodegradable reinforcements that avoid the long-term drawbacks of permanent meshes. Barbed (cog) poly(\u03b5-caprolactone) (PCL) threads are designed to self-anchor and enhance tissue\u2013implant friction, promoting load redistribution during strain while gradually resorbing. Hypothesis: Compared with non-reinforced controls, PCL cog reinforcement would increase in vivo intravaginal contact forces under standardized loading\u2014consistent with a mechanical reinforcement effect\u2014and would attenuate over time with material resorption. Methods: A prospective longitudinal ovine pilot study (n = 5) was conducted. Intravaginal forces were recorded at 0, 10, 20, and 30 mm speculum openings before implantation (to establish a baseline) and at 90 and 180 days post-surgery using a calibrated force-sensing speculum. All measurements were performed on the same animals at each time point, following an identical protocol. Results: At 90 days post-implantation, intravaginal forces were significantly higher than controls, with the largest increase at 0 mm (+76.0%, p = 0.0003). At 180 days, forces remained above baseline but declined relative to 90 days (+55.3% vs. control, p = 0.0035). Significant reinforcement effects were observed exclusively at 0 mm, while differences at larger openings were smaller and not statistically significant. Conclusions: These findings support the mechanical feasibility of PCL cog threads as a temporary reinforcement strategy compatible with progressive resorption.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/app152312677","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T09:34:37Z","timestamp":1764581677000},"page":"12677","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["In Vivo Assessment of PCL Cog Thread Reinforcement Using an Intravaginal Force Measurement Device"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0569-995X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F\u00e1bio","family":"Pinheiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"LAETA, INEGI, Campus da FEUP, R. Dr. Roberto Frias 400, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Cl\u00ednicas Veterin\u00e1rias, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n\u00b0 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7146-9944","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAETA, INEGI, Campus da FEUP, R. Dr. Roberto Frias 400, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, s\/n, R. Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0018-9363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Colette","family":"Maur\u00edcio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Cl\u00ednicas Veterin\u00e1rias, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n\u00b0 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de Estudos de Ci\u00eancia Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ci\u00eancias, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA), Rua D. Manuel II, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5016-0868","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuno","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Leiria, Centro para o Desenvolvimento R\u00e1pido e Sustentado de Produto, 2430-028 Marinha Grande, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2889-4969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Elisabete","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAETA, INEGI, Campus da FEUP, R. Dr. Roberto Frias 400, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roch, M., Gaudreault, N., Cyr, M.-P., Venne, G., Bureau, N.J., and Morin, M. (2021). 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H"}],"container-title":["Applied Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3417\/15\/23\/12677\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T10:05:53Z","timestamp":1764583553000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3417\/15\/23\/12677"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,29]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"23","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["app152312677"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/app152312677","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-3417"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-3417","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,29]]}}}