{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T05:36:43Z","timestamp":1764740203194,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eanciae Tecnologia","award":["UID\/5210\/2025 and UIDB\/00617\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/5210\/2025 and UIDB\/00617\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Applied Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Manual therapists routinely evaluate changes in pain, movement, and function through clinical tests that support clinical reasoning. The Prone Hip Extension Test (PHET) is commonly used as a self-perturbation task to assess lumbopelvic control and hip motion patterns related to gait. Performing the PHET actively and passively may reveal how voluntary activation and passive structures influence joint kinematics and contribute to force production. This study aimed to compare active and passive PHET execution and investigate how initial (IP) and final hip positions (FP) correlate with lower-limb neuromuscular function. Methods: Seven healthy volunteers (24.3 \u00b1 3.4 years; 173.1 \u00b1 7.5 cm; 72.1 \u00b1 9.5 kg) without musculoskeletal conditions participated. Hip kinematics were recorded using a 12-camera Qualisys Oqus system (200 Hz) with 22 reflective markers, processed in Qualisys Track Manager 2.13 and exported to Visual3D. Participants performed three PHET trials in both IP and FP, with mean an-gles considered for analysis. Knee isokinetic performance was assessed on a Biodex System 4 at 180\u00b0\/s and 300\u00b0\/s for flexion and extension. Results: Significant differences between active and passive PHET emerged in the FP for rotational movements bilaterally (p = 0.02) and in IP adduction\/abduction for both hips (right p = 0.03; left p = 0.02). No side-to-side differences were observed. Passive FP of the right hip showed multiple significant correlations with isokinetic flexion and extension parameters at 180\u00b0\/s and 300\u00b0\/s, particularly with torque\/body weight, acceleration and deceleration times, and agonist\/antagonist ratios (\u03c1 ranging from \u22120.86 to 0.90). Conclusions: Meaningful differences exist between active and passive PHET performance, especially in frontal-plane IP and rotational FP measures. Additionally, passive FP strongly correlates with several neuromuscular variables, suggesting that PHET kinematics may reflect lower-limb isokinetic function.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/app152312735","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T08:49:22Z","timestamp":1764665362000},"page":"12735","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["3D Analysis of the Initial and End Positions of an Active and Passive Prone Hip Extension Test and Its Correlation with Lower Limb Isokinetic Neuromuscular Function of College Students: A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1565-7075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Lumini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Interdisciplinar em Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade (CICS), ISAVE (Instituto Superior de Sa\u00fade), Rua Castelo de Al-mourol n\u00b0 13, 4720-155 Amares, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport of University of Porto (FADEUP), 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), 4720-155 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Hedirian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Interdisciplinar em Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade (CICS), ISAVE (Instituto Superior de Sa\u00fade), Rua Castelo de Al-mourol n\u00b0 13, 4720-155 Amares, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4885-4924","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Biomec\u00e2nica do Porto (LABIOMEP-UP), University of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9706-776X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Interdisciplinar em Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade (CICS), ISAVE (Instituto Superior de Sa\u00fade), Rua Castelo de Al-mourol n\u00b0 13, 4720-155 Amares, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Reabilita\u00e7\u00e3o (CIR), Escola Superior de Sau\u0301de, Polite\u0301cnico do Porto, Rua Doutor Anto\u0301nio Bernardino de Almei-da 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-4856-9706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9 Chenu","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Sciences, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Centre for Active Living and Wellbeing (Livewell), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), Universidad de Le\u00f3n, 24007 Le\u00f3n, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4467-1722","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ant\u00f3nio M.","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Sciences, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Centre for Active Living and Wellbeing (Livewell), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4109-2939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o Paulo","family":"Vilas-Boas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Biomec\u00e2nica do Porto (LABIOMEP-UP), University of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Sport and CIFI2D, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Pra\u00e7a 9 de Abril 349, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Janda, V. 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