{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T16:02:49Z","timestamp":1765209769539,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765152000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fundo Azul\u2014DGPM","award":["FA_05_2017_033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FA_05_2017_033"]}]},{"name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e da Tecnologia","award":["UIDB\/04565\/2020","UIDP\/04565\/2020","LA\/P\/0140\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04565\/2020","UIDP\/04565\/2020","LA\/P\/0140\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Applied Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Lactic acid is a compound that is consistently in high demand due to its wide range of applications. Aiming at the use of an alternative third-generation substrate for the microbial production of this organic acid, the fermentation of Porphyra umbilicalis with lactobacilli was studied. This seaweed revealed a total carbohydrate content of 51.6 \u00b1 1.7 g\/100 g biomass dry weight (DW), thus showing great potential for fermentation purposes. Thermal-acidic (at 121 \u00b0C for 30 min) hydrolysis of 100 g\/L P. umbilicalis with sulfuric acid (H2SO4 5% w\/v) led to the release of 37.9 \u00b1 1.1% of the total sugars in the seaweed substrate, producing a hydrolysate with 14.7 \u00b1 0.4, 1.1 \u00b1 0.04 and 0.9 \u00b1 0.04 g\/L of galactose, glucose and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), respectively. After optimization of the oxygen supply conditions, fed-batch fermentation of the hydrolysate by a consortium (4LAB) of Levilactobacillus brevis, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus, and Lacticaseibacillus casei in a 2 L bioreactor produced up to 65 g\/L of lactic acid with a yield of 0.58 g\/g of consumed carbon sources. The 4LAB consortium was not inhibited by up to 1 g\/L HMF in the medium and also showed the capacity to convert up to 88.5% of the initial HMF titer during fed-batch fermentation in the bioreactor.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/app152412946","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T15:30:07Z","timestamp":1765207807000},"page":"12946","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Lactic Acid Production from Porphyra umbilicalis Through Sequential Saccharification and Fermentation with a Lactobacilli Consortium"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7069-5336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana S.","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioengineering Department, iBB\u2014Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory i4HB\u2014Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2235-3988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00edlia","family":"Mateus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioengineering Department, iBB\u2014Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory i4HB\u2014Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7846-6546","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helena M.","family":"Pinheiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioengineering Department, iBB\u2014Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory i4HB\u2014Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1498-6195","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. Manuela R.","family":"da Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioengineering Department, iBB\u2014Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory i4HB\u2014Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2550-2133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. Teresa","family":"Ces\u00e1rio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioengineering Department, iBB\u2014Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory i4HB\u2014Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, J., Kim, Y.M., Lebaka, V.R., and Wee, Y.J. (2022). Lactic Acid for Green Chemical Industry: Recent Advances in and Future Prospects for Production Technology, Recovery, and Applications. 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