{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T14:59:56Z","timestamp":1777561196941,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765411200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"National Funds by FCT\u2014Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UID\/04033\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/04033\/2025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"National Funds by FCT\u2014Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LA\/P\/0126\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0126\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"National Funds by FCT\u2014Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UID\/00616\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/00616\/2025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"National Funds by FCT\u2014Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UID\/06397\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/06397\/2025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016326","name":"EIT Food","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016326","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"European Institute of Innovation and Technology","award":["19153-23_230615"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19153-23_230615"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Applied Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) is a Mediterranean staple food valued for its cultural heritage, gastronomic identity, nutritional profile, bioactivities, and socio-economic and environmental relevance. This narrative review synthesizes current knowledge on chestnut fruits and by-products, linking ecophysiology and genetic diversity to chemical composition and functionality. It summarizes the nutrient profile (high starch and dietary fiber; gluten-free; B vitamins; essential minerals; and favorable fatty acids) and the diversity of phytochemicals\u2014particularly phenolic acids, flavonoids, and ellagitannins (e.g., castalagin and vescalagin)\u2014that underpin antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-proliferative, and metabolic effects demonstrated across in vitro, cellular, and in vivo models. We compare conventional and green extraction strategies (e.g., hydroethanolic, ultrasound-\/microwave-assisted, and supercritical and subcritical water), highlighting method-dependent yields, composition, and bioactivity, and the valorization of shells, burs, and leaves within circular bioeconomy frameworks. Technological applications span functional foods (gluten-free flours, beverages, and emulsions), nutraceuticals, and cosmetics (skin-protective and regenerative formulations), and active packaging\/biopolymers with antioxidant and antimicrobial performance. We discuss sources of variability (cultivar, environment, maturation, and processing) affecting bioactive content and efficacy, and outline future directions. Finally, this review emphasizes the importance of university-facilitated co-creation with companies and consumers\u2014within the framework of Responsible Research and Innovation\u2014as a pathway to strengthen the economic valorization and full utilization of the chestnut value chain, enhancing its societal relevance, sustainability, and health-promoting potential.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/app152413069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T15:43:43Z","timestamp":1765467823000},"page":"13069","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Bioactive Compounds in Chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.): Composition, Health-Promoting Properties, and Technological Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8912-922X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Gomes-Laranjo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agroenvironmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Inov4Agro, Universidade de Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Biology and Environment, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Universidade de Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7524-9914","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Am\u00e9lia M.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agroenvironmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Inov4Agro, Universidade de Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Biology and Environment, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Universidade de Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1564-3661","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Martins-Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agroenvironmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Inov4Agro, Universidade de Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Tiago","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agroenvironmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Inov4Agro, Universidade de Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6533-6205","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiago E.","family":"Coutinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agroenvironmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Inov4Agro, Universidade de Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-2243-9376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Lu\u00edsa","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agronomy, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, Universidade de Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1615-2418","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alice","family":"Vilela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agronomy, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, Universidade de Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Chemistry Research Center (CQ-VR), Universidade de Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6113-1456","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agroenvironmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Inov4Agro, Universidade de Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Biology and Environment, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Universidade de Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"RISE-HEALTH\u2014School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procbio.2017.09.017","article-title":"Chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) industrial wastes as a valued bioresource for the production of active ingredients","volume":"64","author":"Squillaci","year":"2018","journal-title":"Process Biochem."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aglietti, C., Cappelli, A., and Andreani, A. 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