{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T11:11:30Z","timestamp":1776769890672,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766016000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","award":["2023.09426.CEECIND"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023.09426.CEECIND"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Applied Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>MnCo2O4 and CoMn2O4 were successfully synthesized on a stainless-steel substrate using the hydrothermal method. The structural and morphological characteristics of the spinel samples were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The electronic and vibrational properties were studied through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Electrochemical properties were also evaluated using a three-electrode system associated with an electrochemical workstation. The studies revealed that the inversion of Mn and Co cation distribution between the spinel structure sites not only modifies the crystal structure and morphology but also alters specific functional properties. MnCo2O4 crystallized in a cubic spinel phase, exhibiting spherical particles, pronounced microstrain, and stronger metal\u2013oxygen bonding. In contrast, CoMn2O4 adopted a tetragonal spinel structure with rod-like crystallites, lower microstrain, and more flexible bonding environments. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy further revealed distinct charge-transfer dynamics, indicating differences in surface redox activity. This comparative analysis elucidates how cation site occupancy governs the performance of the synthesized spinel oxides and underscores their potential as efficient catalysts or catalyst supports for redox and energy-related applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/app152413267","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T13:45:07Z","timestamp":1766065507000},"page":"13267","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Interplay of Cationic Site Occupancy in Mn-Co Spinel Oxides: Correlating Structural, Vibrational, Morphological, and Electrochemical Properties"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3295-7897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Afrah","family":"Bardaoui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Systems for Renewable Energies (LaNSER), Research and Technology Center of Energy (CRTEn), Techno-Park Borj Cedria, Bp 95, Hammam-Lif, Tunis 2050, Tunisia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5943-4880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Souha","family":"Aouini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Systems for Renewable Energies (LaNSER), Research and Technology Center of Energy (CRTEn), Techno-Park Borj Cedria, Bp 95, Hammam-Lif, Tunis 2050, Tunisia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2461-8828","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amira","family":"Siai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Systems for Renewable Energies (LaNSER), Research and Technology Center of Energy (CRTEn), Techno-Park Borj Cedria, Bp 95, Hammam-Lif, Tunis 2050, Tunisia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6784-6540","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana M.","family":"Ferraria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BSIRG, IBB\u2014Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Chemical Engineering Department, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory I4HB\u2014Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7920-2638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diogo M. F.","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Physics and Engineering of Advanced Materials, Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emerging Technologies, Chemical Engineering Department, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8293","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.3c01036","article-title":"Enhanced Catalytic Performance of La-Doped CoMn2O4 Catalysts by Regulating Oxygen Species Activity for VOCs Oxidation","volume":"13","author":"Ren","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Catal."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6698","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.9b01324","article-title":"Revealing the Highly Catalytic Performance of Spinel CoMn2O4 for Toluene Oxidation: Involvement and Replenishment of Oxygen Species Using In Situ Designed-TP Techniques","volume":"9","author":"Dong","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Catal."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2022.124399","article-title":"Catalytic combustion of lean methane over MnCo2O4\/SiC catalysts: Enhanced activity and sulfur resistance","volume":"323","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1039\/C3TB21288B","article-title":"Synthesis of MnCo2O4 nanofibers by electrospinning and calcination: Application for a highly sensitive non-enzymatic glucose sensor","volume":"2","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. 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