{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T02:31:14Z","timestamp":1774405874533,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,28]],"date-time":"2025-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766880000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"national funds through FCT","award":["UID\/00264\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/00264\/2025"]}]},{"name":"Programa de Recupera\u00e7\u00e3o e Resili\u00eancia","award":["UID\/PRR\/00264\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/PRR\/00264\/2025"]}]},{"name":"integrated BIODyes project","award":["COMPETE2030-FEDER-01480900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["COMPETE2030-FEDER-01480900"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006111","name":"MCTES","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2021.06351.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021.06351.BD"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006111","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"FSE","award":["2022.13094.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022.13094.BD"]}]},{"name":"UE","award":["2022.10454.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022.10454.BD"]}]},{"name":"FCT"},{"name":"junior researcher contract","award":["2022.08710.CEECIND\/CP1718\/CT0031"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022.08710.CEECIND\/CP1718\/CT0031"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Applied Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Children\u2019s skin is highly sensitive and prone to irritation, allergies, and infections, requiring special consideration in textile selection. Although clothing serves as a protective barrier, it can also pose a risk when dyed with toxic chemical colourants. This study explores the potential of multifunctional natural dyes as safer alternatives for children\u2019s clothing, particularly for those with dermatological conditions. Cotton knitted fabrics were dyed through exhaustion with extracts of madder root (Rubia tinctorum L.), pomegranate peel (Ppe, Punica granatum L.), oxidised logwood (Logox, Haematoxylum campechianum L.), and tannin from quebracho (Schinopsis lorentzii Griseb.), both individually and in various combinations with or without potassium aluminium sulphate dodecahydrate (alum). The combination of madder and Ppe demonstrated the most promising multifunctional performance, being classified as a weak disinfectant against S. aureus (3.7 log reduction) and showing the highest antioxidant activity (92.6 \u00b1 2.56% 2,2\u2032-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical reduction), while maintaining excellent results after washing. Moreover, these natural formulations expanded the achievable colour palette from each dye while maintaining moderate wash fastness. The results highlight the relevance of these findings to textile and fashion designers, offering sustainable tools for creating health-conscious, visually appealing garments. This research reinforces the potential of natural dyes and biomordants in developing functional textiles that support children\u2019s wellbeing and environmental responsibility.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/app16010307","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T05:28:19Z","timestamp":1766986099000},"page":"307","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Antibacterial and Antioxidant Performance of Natural Textile Dyes for Children\u2019s Wear"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5082-3687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana","family":"Santiago","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), Department of Textile Engineering, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9635-2902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Behnaz","family":"Mehravani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), Department of Textile Engineering, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6205-7673","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e1tia","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), Department of Textile Engineering, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2380-5616","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabel","family":"Cabral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), Department of Textile Engineering, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5063-1124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joana","family":"Cunha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), Department of Textile Engineering, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5299-4164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Zille","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), Department of Textile Engineering, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5630-6621","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge","family":"Padr\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), Department of Textile Engineering, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1038\/s43017-020-0039-9","article-title":"The Environmental Price of Fast Fashion","volume":"1","author":"Peters","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. 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