{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,15]],"date-time":"2026-02-15T06:04:08Z","timestamp":1771135448124,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":128,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770940800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Vine&Wine Portugal Project"},{"name":"PRR\u2014Plano de Recupera\u00e7\u00e3o e Resili\u00eancia, Agendas Mobilizadoras para Inova\u00e7\u00e3o Empresarial","award":["C644866286-00000011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C644866286-00000011"]}]},{"name":"Vine&Wine for their PhD grants","award":["BI\/UTAD\/80\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BI\/UTAD\/80\/2022"]}]},{"name":"Vine&Wine for their PhD grants","award":["BI\/UTAD\/81\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BI\/UTAD\/81\/2022"]}]},{"name":"FCT-Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["UID\/040033\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/040033\/2025"]}]},{"name":"Associated Laboratory Inov4Agro","award":["LA\/P\/0126\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0126\/2020"]}]},{"name":"CQ-Vila Real","award":["UIDB\/00616\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00616\/2020"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011842","name":"CIMO","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["UIDB\/00690\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00690\/2025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011842","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011842","name":"CIMO","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["UIDP\/00690\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/00690\/2025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011842","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Associated Laboratory SusTEC","award":["LA\/P\/0007\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0007\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Applied Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ultraviolet radiation, particularly in the UVC sub-band 200\u2013280 nm, is a non-thermal disinfection technology capable of inactivating a broad spectrum of microorganisms primarily through nucleic acid damage and protein oxidation. Its effectiveness depends on wavelength, irradiance, exposure time, environmental conditions, and microbial characteristics, such as species and repair capacity. In food processing environments, where equipment surfaces and packaging materials are critical control points for microbial contamination, UVC offers several advantages, including the absence of chemical residues, and compatibility with sustainable sanitization strategies. However, efficacy is strongly influenced by surface properties. Smooth, non-porous, reflective materials (stainless steel, glass), and photocatalytic metal coatings, enhance UVC performance, whereas rough, porous, or fibrous surfaces reduce penetration and create shadowing effects that limit microbial inactivation. This review synthesizes current evidence on UV-based decontamination in the food industry, highlighting both its potential and limitations. The findings emphasize that, although UVC radiation is effective in microbial control, its implementation must consider the complex interactions between surface properties, microorganisms and irradiation parameters, requiring optimization for each environment and application. Further research is therefore needed into: (i) wavelength-tuned systems, (ii) hybrid technologies (UV\u2013plasma or UV-photocatalysis), (iii) material integrity and durability of materials under repeated exposure, and (iv) emerging alternative light sources.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/app16041877","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T10:52:21Z","timestamp":1770979941000},"page":"1877","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["UV Radiation: Applications on Surfaces in the Food Industry"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Rita","family":"Maioto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agroenvironmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB, LA Inov4Agro), Universidade de Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2020-6538","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefanie","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agroenvironmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB, LA Inov4Agro), Universidade de Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7048-7991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Albino A.","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agroenvironmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB, LA Inov4Agro), Universidade de Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute of Innovation, Training and Sustainability of Agro-Food Production (INOV4AGRO), Universidade de Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta dos Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1989-5057","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Aires","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agroenvironmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB, LA Inov4Agro), Universidade de Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1335-4214","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ant\u00f3nio","family":"In\u00eas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre-Vila Real (CQ-VR), Department of Biology and Environment, School of Life Sciences and Environment, Universidade de Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Nabiha Ben","family":"Sedrine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Castros S. A., S\u00e3o F\u00e9lix da Marinha, 4410-160 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Paulo","family":"Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Castros S. A., S\u00e3o F\u00e9lix da Marinha, 4410-160 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3789-2730","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIMO, LA SusTEC, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7989-0779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Sampaio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agroenvironmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB, LA Inov4Agro), Universidade de Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute of Innovation, Training and Sustainability of Agro-Food Production (INOV4AGRO), Universidade de Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta dos Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2016.03.003","article-title":"Application of ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (UV-LEDs) for water disinfection: A review","volume":"94","author":"Song","year":"2016","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1007\/s43630-023-00371-y","article-title":"Stratospheric ozone, UV radiation, and climate interactions","volume":"22","author":"Bernhard","year":"2023","journal-title":"Photochem. 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