{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:32:24Z","timestamp":1760243544167,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,12]],"date-time":"2013-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1373587200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Applied Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Extensive modeling of the seeding of plasma-based soft X-ray lasers is reported in this article. Seminal experiments on amplification in plasmas created from solids have been studied in detail and explained. Using a transient collisional excitation scheme, we show that a 18 \u00b5J, 80 fs fully coherent pulse is achievable by using plasmas pumped by a compact 10 Hz laser. We demonstrate that direct seeding of plasmas created by nanosecond lasers is not efficient. Therefore, we propose and fully study the transposition to soft X-rays of the Chirped Pulse Amplification (CPA) technique. Soft X-ray pulses with energy of 6 mJ and 200 fs duration are reachable by seeding plasmas pumped by  compact 100 J, sub-ns, 1 shot\/min lasers. These soft X-ray lasers would reach GW power, corresponding to an increase of 100 times as compared to the highest peak power achievable nowadays in the soft X-ray region (30 eV\u20131 keV). X-ray CPA is opening new horizon for soft x-ray ultra-intense sources.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/app3030581","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,12]],"date-time":"2013-07-12T10:55:35Z","timestamp":1373626535000},"page":"581-592","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["X-ray Chirped Pulse Amplification: towards GW Soft  X-ray Lasers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Philippe","family":"Zeitoun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d'Optique Appliqu\u00e9e, ENSTA, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau 91672 France"}]},{"given":"Eduardo","family":"Oliva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d'Optique Appliqu\u00e9e, ENSTA, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau 91672 France"}]},{"given":"Thi","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d'Optique Appliqu\u00e9e, ENSTA, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau 91672 France"},{"name":"Laboratoire de Physique des Gaz et Plasmas, CNRS Universit\u00e9 Paris-Sud, Orsay 91400, France"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Ros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Physique des Gaz et Plasmas, CNRS Universit\u00e9 Paris-Sud, Orsay 91400, France"}]},{"given":"St\u00e9phane","family":"Sebban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d'Optique Appliqu\u00e9e, ENSTA, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau 91672 France"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d'Optique Appliqu\u00e9e, ENSTA, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau 91672 France"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Velarde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Fusion Nuclear, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Madrid 28006, Spain"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Fajardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Fisica dos Plasmas, Instituto Superior Tecnico, Lisbon 1049-001, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1038\/nphys461","article-title":"Femtosecond diffractive imaging with a soft-X-ray free-electron laser","volume":"2","author":"Chapman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. 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