{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:42:35Z","timestamp":1760060555008,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]],"date-time":"2025-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757289600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Taylor\u2019s University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Architecture"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The traditional construction industry significantly contributes to global resource consumption and climate change. Conventional methods limit the development of complex and multifunctional architectural forms. In contrast, 3D concrete printing (3DCP), an additive manufacturing technique, enables the creation of intricate building envelopes that integrate architectural and energy-efficient functions. Bioinspired design, recognized for its sustainability, has gained traction in this context. This study investigates the thermal and energy performance of various bioinspired and regular 3DCP infill patterns compared to conventional concrete building envelopes in tropical climates. A three-stage methodology was employed. First, bioinspired patterns were identified and evaluated through a literature review. Next, prototype models were developed using Rhino and simulated in ANSYS to assess thermal performance. Finally, energy performance was analyzed using Ladybug and Honeybee tools. The results revealed that honeycomb, spiral, spiderweb, and weaving patterns achieved 35\u201340% higher thermal and energy efficiency than solid concrete, and about 10% more than the 3DCP sawtooth pattern. The findings highlight the potential of bioinspired spiral infill patterns to enhance the sustainability of 3DCP building envelopes. This opens new avenues for integrating biomimicry into 3DCP construction as a tool for performance optimization and environmental impact reduction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/architecture5030077","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T09:32:01Z","timestamp":1757496721000},"page":"77","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact of Bioinspired Infill Pattern on the Thermal and Energy Efficiency of 3D Concrete Printed Building Envelope"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0672-0899","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Girirajan","family":"Arumugam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Architecture, Building and Design, Faculty of Innovation & Technology, Taylor\u2019s University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5789-7467","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camelia May Li","family":"Kusumo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Architecture, Building and Design, Faculty of Innovation & Technology, Taylor\u2019s University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia"}]},{"given":"Tamil Salvi","family":"Mari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Architecture, Building and Design, Faculty of Innovation & Technology, Taylor\u2019s University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"United Nations Environment Program (2025, March 10). 2020 Global Status Report for Buildings and Construction\u2014Towards a Zero-Emissions, Efficient and Resilient Buildings and Construction Sector, Nairobi. 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